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Ranked Voting Articles

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Paul Cohen
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11/21/2022

Reflections on Voters

Anyone interested in inventing a voting system probably harbors some assumptions about how voters think and behave. Such assumptions may be realistic, l but most likely there will be some fallacies as well. This suggests that we might examine a voting system to determine what voter behavior would make the voting system behave properly. This article takes that approach with several different voting systems, just to see whether that provides any insight into the voting systems. The apparent assumptions about human behavior may in some instances seem quite absurd.

2/16/2023

Escaping Duopoly

Until BAV is adopted and found to undermine the duopoly, we will not know for certain that it will. However, there is a persuasive argument for that to be what happens. For Approval Voting and for Ranked Choice Voting there is not even an argument that this will happen, merely an unsupportable hope for it.

6/4/2023

Balanced Condorcet Voting

Balanced voting systems allow voters to explicitly express opposition as easily as to express support for a candidate. But more broadly we might consider a voting system to be balanced even if it merely infers relative support and opposition, so long as, in tallying, the vote takes either expression equally into account. Condorcet Voting is a system that enjoys considerable interest among voting specialists, but it seems mostly on theoretical grounds. This article describes a system that, with the weaker notion of balance described above, is balanced. This article would seem to be mostly of theoretical interest.

7/8/2023

Condorcet and the Spoiler Effect

This article is a continuation of the previous one and likewise is primarily of theoretical interest.

9/27/2023

Comparing BAV with Ranked Choice Voting

IRV and BAV are such very different approaches to voting that it seems difficult to make comparisons and especially for comparing the systems with real-world data from an election. This article shows how measurements could be taken.

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Attended college thanks to the generous state support of education in 1960's America. Earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Illinois followed by post doctoral research positions at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. (more...)
 

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Paul Cohen

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  New Content

Is this useful? If so I might add a similar article covering all of the Balanced Voting series.

Submitted on Wednesday, Apr 9, 2025 at 5:09:09 PM

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William WAUGH

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  New Content

A few to add to the list:

- rcvchangedalaska.com/
- electowiki.org/wiki/William_Robert_Ware
- electowiki.org/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting

Submitted on Wednesday, Apr 9, 2025 at 9:08:35 PM

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Paul Cohen

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Reply to William WAUGH:   New Content

Thanks for the pointers. The Alaska example seems particularly interesting, but I'll have to set aside some time to study it.

Submitted on Thursday, Apr 10, 2025 at 11:51:40 AM

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Paul Cohen

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One of my routines each morning is to update a spreadsheet to keep track of how many times these articles have been downloaded. It's a minor chore that takes only a few minutes, but it helps keep me in touch with what topics are currently of interest. Recently I've noticed an increase in ranked choice articles and in proportional representation. Perhaps some are considering the use of ranked-choice voting for electing committees.


I should point out that, aside from the many problems I have outlined in earlier articles, ranked choice voting is particularly ill-suited for electing multiple candidates to a committee. The objection is the very practical problem of designing a ballot. The number of candidates will grow larger as the committee size increases and surely at twice the rate or more. And the usual ballot design for ranked voting uses a separate column for each candidate. If a committee is to have eight members, there could easily be thirty or more candidates and it would be quite easy for voters to get confused about which column is the one they want to mark.


BAV may also be judged as unacceptable but because available voting machines do not support BAV. But BAV would require only two columns. Approval voting would require only one column and the machines for approval voting are both available and widely used. Compared to ranked-choice voting, approval voting would seem to be a better choice. I would note that voting machines that already support approval voting could add support for BAV pretty easily since BAV amounts to conducting two approval elections and then computing the difference between each of the two tallies.


Following the Bush v Gore election, there was considerable concern about the hacking of the voting machines and most countries have avoided them for that reason. Trump made such objections regarding the 2020 election, though the courts consistently found no basis for his objections. The Democratic Party has never shown much concern about such problems, either, but I read recently that Finland destroyed all of their voting machines. Apparently they have gone back to hand-counting of paper ballots. They had judged the voting machines to be unsuitable for any election, anywhere.


But with proportional representation there is an entirely different way for BAV to become particularly useful. With proportional representation there are committees making decisions rather than individuals. And no doubt these committees would adopt plurality voting to make their decisions; its simply what we all are so accustomed to doing. Because plurality voting is used, issues are structured to need only yes-or-no answers, even for selecting from among multiple alternatives.

These committees could and should consider using BAV voting instead. This topic was treated in what was a very popular article last year.

Submitted on Monday, Apr 28, 2025 at 8:39:31 AM

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