George H.W. Bush
Some deregulation continuation from Reagan era. Tort reform interest. Fiscal concerns. Immigration (1990 Act). Weaker on aggressive supply reforms, school choice, or entitlements. More moderate establishment figure.Dwight D. Eisenhower
Infrastructure builder with fiscal conservatism. Interstate system showed permitting execution, but pre-dated many modern bottlenecks. Balanced budgets, restraint. Limited on later issues like school choice or immigration overhaul. Competent manager, not radical reformer.Richard Nixon
EPA creation (regulatory expansion, though later reforms). Some wage/price controls (opposite). Criminal justice tough. School desegregation busing fights. Mixed/contradictory on many economic levers. Environmental legacy complicates permitting/NEPA today.Gerald Ford
Brief term; some deregulation starts (airlines). Fiscal caution post-Watergate. Not transformative on most items.Jimmy Carter
Deregulation pioneer (airlines, trucking). Fiscal conservatism in spots. But energy regs, stagflation response, and limited wins on broader supply/choice reforms. Human rights focus over merit immigration enforcement.Barack Obama
Some occupational licensing reform push (state guidance). Charter schools via Race to the Top. But expanded regs (NEPA/permitting slowdowns), opposed many tort/tax simplifications, entitlements growth, school vouchers resistance, softer immigration enforcement. Zoning/housing rhetoric but not aggressive supply-side.
Joe Biden
Least aligned. Expanded entitlements/spending, regulatory emphasis (environment, housing via affordability mandates not pure supply), opposed broad school choice/tort reform, immigration enforcement criticized as lax. Criminal justice "reform" leaned progressive. Zoning/permitting often slowed by admin priorities.John F. Kennedy (brief tenure, pre-many issues)
Tax cuts (supply-side inspiration), but short record; growth-oriented but not deep structural on modern list (zoning, entitlements ballooned later).Lyndon B. Johnson
Great Society expansion (entitlements, regs). Opposite direction on fiscal restraint, deregulation, choice. Crime/immigration (1965 Act shifted to family) mismatched.Harry S. Truman Key caveats:
Post-WWII builder but Fair Deal expansions, strong unions/government role. Pre-dated many issues; focus on containment over domestic deregulation.
- Era matters-- earlier presidents (Truman/Eisenhower) faced different problems; later ones had more data on failures of status quo.
- Congressional reality: Even aligned presidents (Reagan, Trump) needed GOP majorities; many policies are state/local (zoning, licensing, much of education/criminal justice).
- Trade-offs: Strong on one area (e.g., Trump immigration) sometimes meant less on another (entitlements). Implementation quality varies.
- My confidence: ~55-65%. This synthesizes public records and outcomes. Hypotheticals are uncertain-- personal evolution, crises, or advisors could shift any president. The "switch" often requires cultural/legislative alignment beyond one person. Modern polarization makes big reforms harder regardless.
Trump and Reagan top the list as the most disruptive pro-growth, anti-bureaucracy figures who tackled multiple levers head-on. Democrats generally rank lower due to regulatory/entitlement expansion tendencies, with Clinton as a pragmatic exception.
Many people would like to relegate policy-making to AI. What do you think?
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