Notes:
1. 1. MAS was founded by Evo Morales, in 1998, an outgrowth of coca farmers' struggles to
maintain the indigenous tradition of chewing its leaves (not cocaine) as a
stimulant, especially used by chauffeurs. MAS' struggles included the right to
have free access to water, and to change the extreme greedy competitiveness of
capitalism.
Communitarianism aspires to collective decision-making and a cooperative
economy, connecting the individual with the community and rejecting
laissez-faire policies. Some see this form of a visionary society as "utopian
socialism", or "socialism of the 21st century". The thought is to
avoid 18th-, 19th-, 20th-century violent
revolutions. Working-class rule would be replaced with all citizens rule without
capital/corporate rule. Direct voting at assemblies is the preferred manner to
select leaders, who should not become permanent leaders.
Communitarianism is an outgrowth of the pan-hispanic-liberation movement led by
the Venezuelan military and political leader Simon Bolivar (1783-1830). Insurrections
threw out Spanish colonial rule in Venezuela, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and
Colombia (Panama). The Gran Colombia was formed
in 1821 under Bolà var's leadership. This federation included much of what is
now Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. In 1824, he was named dictator of
Peru, followed by the creation of Bolivia in 1825.
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