Rationale: This "NATO-lite" framework echoes Zelenskyy's calls for robust guarantees in 2025 talks, including the U.S.-backed 28-point plan's security provisions. It balances Ukraine's sovereignty with deterrence, ratified via treaty with U.S./EU observers.
4. Passive Defensive Measures
Beyond the buffer, states may fortify borders for deterrence:
Allowed within 0.5 miles of the zone: Fencing, trenches, controlled minefields, river channeling, or earthworks. Applicable inside Ukraine's recognized borders, Russian-occupied areas outside the buffer, or proper Russian territory. Measures must be non-offensive and notified to monitors to prevent escalation.
5. Prohibition on Advancements
No military movement beyond the buffer by either party until Phase 2. Violations (e.g., incursions >1 km) trigger automatic agreement termination, with UN Security Council referral for sanctions/enforcement.
6. Economic and Sanctions Provisions
Trade normalization and sanctions relief deferred to Phase 2, tied to verifiable compliance (e.g., prisoner exchanges, humanitarian access). Interim: Humanitarian corridors for grain/energy exports.
7. Timeline for Future Negotiations
No fixed deadline, mirroring the indefinite Korean DMZ model (armistice since 1953). Phase 2 to address borders, reparations, and demining, convened at neutral venues (e.g., Istanbul, per prior talks). Annual reviews ensure momentum.
Conclusion
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