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While Israeli bulldozers trundled across Gaza and the West Bank, Sharon announced his intention to "make separation across the land." Though initially resistant to the idea, he resolved to fulfill a plan first introduced in the 1990's under Yitzhak Rabin: the construction of a vast wall that would drive a nail into the coffin of the Palestinian national movement. Cutting into the West Bank and Jordan Valley, the wall would effectively annex 80 percent of settlements into Israel proper, consolidating the country's Jewish demographic majority while relegating Palestinians to a permanent regime of ghettoized exclusion.
Next, Sharon planned to pull Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip, setting the stage for a high-tech siege of that occupied coastal territory. Unlike in the past, Sharon sold his plans to the public with carefully calibrated, subtle rhetorical touches. Stunned by a new movement of mass refusal -- a group of former and active Israeli air force pilots had issued a letter declaring their refusal to participate in operations in occupied territory -- and by the furious opposition of the settlement movement to his plan, Sharon uncharacteristically proclaimed that the occupation was a "bad thing for Israel." Next, he bolted from Likud, cobbling together a random assortment of politicians including his former aide, the telegenic, PR-friendly Tzipi Livni, to drive the separation plan forward under the banner of Kadima.
Sharon's maneuvers earned him the political space he needed to fulfill his goals. Haaretz, the voice of Israeli liberalism, supported the vast separation wall as a "revolutionary" step towards two states. Endorsing the withdrawal of settlers from Gaza, The New York Times editorial board declared that Sharon "should be cheered." Back in Tel Aviv, the anti-settlement group Peace Now and the Labor Party organized a mass demonstration in support of the Gaza disengagement plan. Winning liberals to his side was Sharon's final political coup, and probably his most consequential.
The true goal of Sharon's separation regime was never to end the occupation but to reinforce it under new parameters that would prevent the collapse of Israel's international image. A top aide to Sharon, Dov Weissglass, revealed the real logic behind Sharon's plans: "The disengagement [from Gaza] is actually formaldehyde. It supplies the amount of formaldehyde that is necessary so there will not be a political process with the Palestinians." Another close adviser, Arnon Sofer, was even more frank:
"When 2.5 million people live in a closed-off Gaza, it's going to be a human catastrophe. Those people will become even bigger animals than they are today, with the aid of an insane fundamentalist Islam. The pressure at the border will be awful. It's going to be a terrible war. So, if we want to remain alive, we will have to kill and kill and kill. All day, every day."
Eight years after Sharon slipped into a coma, the real implications of separation stand exposed. Gaza suffers under a joint Israeli-Egyptian siege, while Israel shrugs off any responsibility for its inhabitants. Though Israel controls the entrances, exits, airspace and coast of Gaza, and effectively regulates the caloric intake of each resident of the coastal territory, the occupation is over as far as its government is concerned. Israeli settlements are firmly entrenched in the West Bank and encircle East Jerusalem, reducing Palestinian areas to the "pastrami sandwich" of non-contiguous bantustans that Sharon had originally envisioned. With the peace process effectively embalmed in political "formaldehyde," right-wing elements have achieved unfettered dominance over the Jewish state's key institutions. Typical of the new generation of Israeli rightists is Sharon's corruption-stained son, Gilad, who has called Palestinian society a "predator," an "animal" and "stabbers of babies."
Now that Sharon's unilateral vision appears to have been consolidated, Israel's government must perpetually manage an occupation it has no intention of ending. It has no clear strategy to achieve international legitimacy and no endgame. Its direct line to Washington has become a life-support system for the status quo. Like Sharon, who spent his last years in a comatose state without any hope of regaining consciousness, Israel is only buying time.
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