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-- outrages of personal dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment;"
-- carrying out sentences or executions "without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples;" and
-- caring for the wounded and sick, including by an impartial body like the ICRC "offer(ing) its services to the Parties to the conflict."
Condoning or participating in torture grievously breaches medical ethics and the 1975 World Medical Association (WMA) Declaration of Tokyo "Guidelines for Physicians Concerning Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Relation to Detention and Imprisonment," stating:
-- in all cases, at all times, "physician(s) shall not countenance, condone or participate in" torture or any other forms of abuse;
-- they "shall not use nor allow (their) medical knowledge or skills, or health information" to be used to aid interrogations in any way;
-- they "shall not be present during any procedure during which torture or any other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (are) used or threatened;"
-- they "must have complete clinical independence" in treating persons for whom they're medically responsible; and
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