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Life Arts    H4'ed 12/26/16

A Refreshing Presentation of Jung's Thought (REVIEW ESSAY)

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Thomas Farrell
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However, from Claire Douglas' book Translate This Darkness: The Life of Christiana Morgan (Simon & Schuster, 1993), it seems to me that Jung also expended considerable effort to further processing and working through the materials that he had received from the collective unconscious than Morgan did -- most notably in his 1,600-page commentary Nietzsche's Zarathustra, mentioned above, and in his magnum opus Mysterium Coniunctionis, mentioned above.

Nevertheless, in the spirit of giving credit where credit is due, I would like to quote here something that Douglas quotes from Morgan: "'The full philosophy remains to be worked out. Let's do it, Harry! To go on with what Jung has begun would be the biggest thing that could be done at the present time. Is there a bigger whale or a whiter whale?'" (quoted on page 183; Douglas does not give a date for when Morgan wrote this to her lover Harry Murray of Harvard University).

No doubt the imagery that Morgan here borrows from Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick, or, The White Whale (1851) succinctly captures the sense of urgent pursuit that she wants to communicate to Harry Murray. However, Captain Ahab's pursuit of the white whale is ultimately tragic and destructive.

However that may be, Douglas credits Morgan with "recovering a feminine self situated not in any masculine agency but in the womb of the dynamic feminine" (page 168). Evidently for Douglas, agency is stereotypically masculine.

In the book The Duality of Human Existence: An Essay on Psychology and Religion (Rand McNally, 1966), David Bakan in psychology at the University of Chicago works with the terminology of agency and communion. Perhaps we can align communion as stereotypically feminine, which Douglas characterizes as dynamic. Vicki S. Helgeson in psychology at Carnegie Mellon University works with Bakan's terminology in her research, which she summarizes in her textbook The Psychology of Gender, 5th ed. (Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2016).

In the book Return of the Goddess (Crossroad, 1982), Jungian analyst Edward C. Whitmont, M.D. (1912-1998), discusses at length what Douglas at a later time refers to as the dynamic feminine in the human psyche.

Because my favorite scholar is the American Jesuit polymath Walter J. Ong (1912-2003; Ph.D. in English, Harvard University, 1955) of Saint Louis University, I associate the return of the dynamic feminine in the human psyche with the impact of the communications media that accentuate sound. No doubt the communications media that accentuate sound are here to stay, and so is the return of the dynamic feminine in the human psyche. However, in Western culture historically, the stirrings of the dynamic feminine in the psyche surfaced in the Romantic Movement, perhaps most notably in Germany, England, and the United States -- the places where the Industrial Revolution also emerged historically. Melville's novel Moby-Dick, or, The White Whale (1851), mentioned above, is an example of American Romanticism in literature.

In the book Rhetoric, Romance, and Technology: Studies in the Interaction of Expression and Culture (Cornell University Press, 1971), Ong discusses not only both Romanticism and the Industrial Revolution, but also Neumann's book The Origins and History of Consciousness, mentioned above. In the book Fighting for Life: Contest, Sexuality, and Consciousness (Cornell University Press, 1981), the published version of Ong's 1979 Messenger Lectures at Cornell University, Ong also discusses Neumann's book.

In another book, The Woman in the Mirror: Analytic Psychology and the Feminine (Sigo, 1989), Douglas herself explicitly connects Jung with Romanticism (esp. pages 11-14).

In any event, Jung-the-inner-explorer-and-theorist that emerges from the wide-ranging quotations in The Quotable Jung is a far more rounded thinker than the one who emerged in earlier presentations of his thought by some of his followers, including Douglas.

THE ANIMA CRISIS OF CERTAIN AMERICAN WHITE MEN

Now, not surprisingly, Jung's dangerous experiment eventually prompted him to recognize just how dangerous his inner journey was becoming. At a certain juncture, he recruited a former patient he had treated for severe depression, a young woman named Antonia ("Toni") Wolff, mentioned above, to listen to him recount the material that was surfacing in his psyche -- and to serve to the best of her ability as his guide. We may recall, that Dante-the-poet portrays the character named Dante as having Virgil as his guide in his journey in the underworld known as the Inferno and the Purgatorio, and then as having Beatrice as his guide in the Paradiso.

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Thomas James Farrell is professor emeritus of writing studies at the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD). He started teaching at UMD in Fall 1987, and he retired from UMD at the end of May 2009. He was born in 1944. He holds three degrees from Saint Louis University (SLU): B.A. in English, 1966; M.A.(T) in English 1968; Ph.D.in higher education, 1974. On May 16, 1969, the editors of the SLU student newspaper named him Man of the Year, an honor customarily conferred on an administrator or a faculty member, not on a graduate student -- nor on a woman up to that time. He is the proud author of the book (more...)
 

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