Echoing concern of Hawaiian citizens monitoring radiation there, Malu Aina spokesperson Albertini said, “It was only in August, 2007 that the Army confirmed that the 133,000-acre Pohakuloa base is contaminated with DU.” Albertini continued, “To date, they have done very limited research and testing to see the extent of the contamination or whether or not the Navy, Marines, Air Force may also have used radiation weapons in training there.”
The Army has admitted the use of one type of Uranium weapon used in Hawaii, in rounds associated with the Davy Crockett, a nuclear weapon with a warhead weighing 51 pounds. (9) As Albertini explains, “The Davy Crockett was only one of approximately 60 different kinds of nuclear weapons in the arsenal back in the 60s and 70s. Who knows how many other radiation spotting rounds might have been used? To bomb a site with known contamination shows a complete disregard for the health and safety of ground troops who train there and island residents and visitors alike.”
The term DU or Depleted Uranium refers to munitions made from natural Uranium that has some of the more fissile U-235 removed for use in bombs and nuclear power plants. The term “Depleted,” as used by the military to describe the US arsenal of “conventional” radioactive weapons, is often contested, as the isotope ratio of U235 is merely reduced – not depleted - by .5% (one-half of one percent). Furthermore, according to the Uranium Medical Research Centre website, after the extraction of some of the U-235, the amount of radioactive U-238 is actually increased from 99.27% in natural Uranium to a higher 99.79% in Depleted Uranium. (10)
Trace amounts of plutonium, neptunium, americium and fission products are also added to Depleted Uranium during the enrichment process, rendering it even more hazardous to human health. (11) With a radioactive half-life of 4.5 billion years, DU is a serious threat to the environment and a costly prospect for future remediation on a number of contaminated military sites throughout Hawaii. (12)
The chemically toxic and radioactive material, used in testing and training on federal properties in the United States since the 1940’s, Uranium weapons have been used overseas in combat since at least 1991 in the first Gulf War. When a weapon containing DU is fired, a fine aerosol of ceramic uranium oxide is formed. Most particles are less than 10 microns in size and are easily inhaled into the lungs.
The majority of DU is insoluble and can remain inside the body for decades. Once lodged inside the lungs, DU slowly spreads, primarily into the lymph nodes and bone. The excretion of these particles from the body is a very slow process.
The use of Uranium-238, the primary component of DU munitions, is particularly hazardous for use in combat and military training because fine particles can be spread by the wind and are readily re-suspended. Disturbances of contaminated soils can occur through movement of military vehicles as well as bombs dropped from the sky that hit the ground with tremendous impact. This can cause the transport of invisible Uranium oxide aerosols throughout the environment.
Metallic particles smaller than 5 microns in size are so light as to remain suspended in the atmosphere, contaminating the environment through the wind and precipitation for billions of years into the future. When fired, some of the Uranium becomes nano-sized particles a billionth of a meter in size. Smaller than microns, these Uranium particles act like a gas. The radioactive alpha nanoparticles can cross the lung-blood barrier and can impact cells up to six cells away. (13)
With regard to concern for health effects of the bombing of contaminated soils, Malu Aina spokesperson Albertini stated, “This, along with other training at PTA, is an outrage given the presence of Depleted Uranium (DU) confirmed at PTA. The full extent of the contamination is not yet known but the military is taking action that risks spreading the stuff around. It shows the complete disregard for the health and safety of Hawaii residents and the military people who train on the ground there.”
Malu Aina is asking the military to install monitors around range impact areas with live data available on-line for public viewing. (14) In addition, citizens are requesting that the military provide testing for Uranium exposure of military personnel and civilians who believe they may have been exposed to Depleted Uranium on any of the toxic sites across the Hawaiian Islands. (15)
With a history of military presence going back to the 19th century, discoveries of toxic and radioactive contaminants on Hawaii’s 161 military installations are expected to continue. (16) Hawaiians, in ever increasing numbers, are calling for the demilitarization of their state. In particular, concerned citizens are demanding the immediate end to military training exercises which spread toxic and radioactive contamination for residents and visitors and the unique, fragile, and sensitive tropical Hawaiian ecosystems. (17)
Despite these concerns, 161 military installations in Hawaii have received ongoing and enthusiastic support and funding from US Congress for military testing and training operations in a wide number of chemical, radiological (18) and biological weapons on several islands in the Aloha state. (19)
Ten years before B-2s began dropping bombs on the Big Island of Hawaii, current Chairman of the US Senate Subcommittee on Defense, US Senator Daniel K. Inouye, D-Hawaii, had appealed for funding of the B-2 stealth bombing on April 14, 1997, stating, “I believe the B-2 is the most vital weapon of our future.”
Senator Inouye had defended the stealth bombing system well in advance of welcoming the bomb drops in his state, maintaining that, “there is a need for the B-2 bombings: It is a long-range-strike aircraft, capable of reaching anywhere in the world and releasing highly sophisticated, explosive weapons.” Furthermore, Sen. Inouye had remarked, “It is the only system that is capable of operating beyond the range of weapons of mass destruction.” (20)
Further information can be obtained by contacting DMZ Hawaii/Aloha Aina info@ dmzhawaii.org or Malu Aina at ja@interpac.net.
Resources
The Army has admitted the use of one type of Uranium weapon used in Hawaii, in rounds associated with the Davy Crockett, a nuclear weapon with a warhead weighing 51 pounds. (9) As Albertini explains, “The Davy Crockett was only one of approximately 60 different kinds of nuclear weapons in the arsenal back in the 60s and 70s. Who knows how many other radiation spotting rounds might have been used? To bomb a site with known contamination shows a complete disregard for the health and safety of ground troops who train there and island residents and visitors alike.”
The term DU or Depleted Uranium refers to munitions made from natural Uranium that has some of the more fissile U-235 removed for use in bombs and nuclear power plants. The term “Depleted,” as used by the military to describe the US arsenal of “conventional” radioactive weapons, is often contested, as the isotope ratio of U235 is merely reduced – not depleted - by .5% (one-half of one percent). Furthermore, according to the Uranium Medical Research Centre website, after the extraction of some of the U-235, the amount of radioactive U-238 is actually increased from 99.27% in natural Uranium to a higher 99.79% in Depleted Uranium. (10)
Trace amounts of plutonium, neptunium, americium and fission products are also added to Depleted Uranium during the enrichment process, rendering it even more hazardous to human health. (11) With a radioactive half-life of 4.5 billion years, DU is a serious threat to the environment and a costly prospect for future remediation on a number of contaminated military sites throughout Hawaii. (12)
The majority of DU is insoluble and can remain inside the body for decades. Once lodged inside the lungs, DU slowly spreads, primarily into the lymph nodes and bone. The excretion of these particles from the body is a very slow process.
The use of Uranium-238, the primary component of DU munitions, is particularly hazardous for use in combat and military training because fine particles can be spread by the wind and are readily re-suspended. Disturbances of contaminated soils can occur through movement of military vehicles as well as bombs dropped from the sky that hit the ground with tremendous impact. This can cause the transport of invisible Uranium oxide aerosols throughout the environment.
Metallic particles smaller than 5 microns in size are so light as to remain suspended in the atmosphere, contaminating the environment through the wind and precipitation for billions of years into the future. When fired, some of the Uranium becomes nano-sized particles a billionth of a meter in size. Smaller than microns, these Uranium particles act like a gas. The radioactive alpha nanoparticles can cross the lung-blood barrier and can impact cells up to six cells away. (13)
With regard to concern for health effects of the bombing of contaminated soils, Malu Aina spokesperson Albertini stated, “This, along with other training at PTA, is an outrage given the presence of Depleted Uranium (DU) confirmed at PTA. The full extent of the contamination is not yet known but the military is taking action that risks spreading the stuff around. It shows the complete disregard for the health and safety of Hawaii residents and the military people who train on the ground there.”
Malu Aina is asking the military to install monitors around range impact areas with live data available on-line for public viewing. (14) In addition, citizens are requesting that the military provide testing for Uranium exposure of military personnel and civilians who believe they may have been exposed to Depleted Uranium on any of the toxic sites across the Hawaiian Islands. (15)
With a history of military presence going back to the 19th century, discoveries of toxic and radioactive contaminants on Hawaii’s 161 military installations are expected to continue. (16) Hawaiians, in ever increasing numbers, are calling for the demilitarization of their state. In particular, concerned citizens are demanding the immediate end to military training exercises which spread toxic and radioactive contamination for residents and visitors and the unique, fragile, and sensitive tropical Hawaiian ecosystems. (17)
Despite these concerns, 161 military installations in Hawaii have received ongoing and enthusiastic support and funding from US Congress for military testing and training operations in a wide number of chemical, radiological (18) and biological weapons on several islands in the Aloha state. (19)
Ten years before B-2s began dropping bombs on the Big Island of Hawaii, current Chairman of the US Senate Subcommittee on Defense, US Senator Daniel K. Inouye, D-Hawaii, had appealed for funding of the B-2 stealth bombing on April 14, 1997, stating, “I believe the B-2 is the most vital weapon of our future.”
Senator Inouye had defended the stealth bombing system well in advance of welcoming the bomb drops in his state, maintaining that, “there is a need for the B-2 bombings: It is a long-range-strike aircraft, capable of reaching anywhere in the world and releasing highly sophisticated, explosive weapons.” Furthermore, Sen. Inouye had remarked, “It is the only system that is capable of operating beyond the range of weapons of mass destruction.” (20)
Further information can be obtained by contacting DMZ Hawaii/Aloha Aina info@ dmzhawaii.org or Malu Aina at ja@interpac.net.
Resources
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