A well written paper on underwater vessel implosions is available in the literature ("Numerical simulation and analysis of the underwater implosion of spherical hollow ceramic pressure hulls in 11000 m depth ", click here). In that article, experimental results from Turner were presented, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. However, the interpretation of test results is explained in more detail in this article.
Figure 2. Explosion Expeiments for a 1015 psi pressure exerted on a glass sphere at a 0.1 psi internal pressure.
(Image by Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science) Details DMCA
Figure 3. Measured pressures for an imploding glass sphere that was intentionally cracked at a specific test pressure.
(Image by Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science) Details DMCA
Primary Dual Shock Waves During Underwater Vessel Implosions
In Figure 2, pressure waves are recorded at three different locations, and two distinct pressure peaks are recorded at each location. The first peak blasts into the vessel when the shell, or glass, of the sphere initially ruptures, and a 1015 psi shock wave bursts into the 14.5 psi spherical vessel. The second pressure wave reflected back from the center of the sphere when the glass fragments crash together about one millisecond later. Similar dual shock waves were measured during the Titan implosions.
Titan Implosions ad Explosions
There were two separate pairs of such implosions and explosions, as shown in Figure 4 ("
Clearly, there were two implosion/explosion events separated by about 1/4 of a second, where dual implosion/explosions are evident for each event due to the fact that the hull exploded and crashed inward with a short time delay, after the viewport pressure shock waves inside the hull subsided. The submarine was completely destroyed in about 1-1/2 seconds. Subsequent shock pressure waves reflected from the ocean bottom and ocean surface after these two initial submarine shock waves. In short, if the hull imploded there would only be one recorded blast, but two blasts from a viewport implosion and a hull explosion were actually recorded.
Figure 4. Measured sound waves provide measurements of shock wave pressure measurements during the Titan implosions.
(Image by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Details DMCA
The Misguided Press
As noted in my earlier publications, myriad publications were based on the incorrect statements of a fired employee who claimed that inadequate tests were performed on the hull. The fictional story of a flawed submarine hull was repeated so often that everyone assumes that the hull caused the initial Titan failure, which is certainly untrue. Millions of views have been downloaded from the internet from myriad articles and videos, where all of this information was based on incorrect facts.
The true fact is that an inadequately tested plastic viewport initiated the deaths of all five passengers. I do not agree to disagree - all previous publications and videos were fundamentally flawed since the viewport implosion was ignored.
The press is still misguided, and refers to 'likely weakening the structure of the hull' as the cause of the Titan implosion ("The Truth About the Titan Sub Disaster: Baffling Decisions, Their Final Moments and a Smoking Gun", click here). Here we are nearly two years later, and the hull is still falsely blamed for the Titan implosion. The following comment was sent to People Magazine after this Op Ed was Published.
A Fundamentally Flawed Publication = "The Truth About the Titan Sub Disaster: Baffling Decisions, Their Final Moments and a Smoking Gun", 6/11/2025
For nearly two years, the Press has falsely informed us that the Titan hull was breached when, in fact, the viewport was initially breached and imploded before the hull exploded. Facts frequently seem to have little use to the Press (See the Op Ed - "Final Proof of a Titan Submarine Viewport Implosion, Followed by a Hull Explosion - Not a Hull Implosion"). Your article - "The Truth About the Titan Sub Disaster: Baffling Decisions, Their Final Moments and a Smoking Gun" - blamed the wrong 'smoking gun', such that the lynchpin facts of a hull implosion in this article are false. People Magazine should consider correcting their article.
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