Cooperative Longbow/Lancer 2007 was conducted in Albania and the following year's exercise in Armenia. All five nations - Moldova, Albania, Armenia, Georgia and Macedonia - are deeply involved, either on their own territory or in neighboring nations, in one or more of the conflicts discussed above. In 2009 Armenia, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Serbia withdrew beforehand because of the Georgia-Russian war of a few months earlier and Estonia and Latvia did also because of an anti-government mutiny staged the day before the almost month-long exercise began.
What role the NATO and partnership troops may have played had the military uprising progressed further than it did can be easily imagined.
The U.S. Marine Corps' Black Sea Rotational Force posted on its Facebook account (and to date nowhere else) that its six-month rotation for this year will "build enduring partnerships with 19 nations throughout Eastern Europe." More accurately, as the Marine program formed two years ago identifies as its mission, in "the Black Sea, Balkan and Caucasus regions."
Two years ago twelve nations were involved, by last year there were thirteen - Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine - and this year nineteen. The six new participating nations were not named.
Black Sea Rotational Force 2012 began its half-year-long deployment in Georgia by joining Agile Spirit 2012 in March at the Vaziani Training Area where the last Cooperative Longbow/Lancer exercises took place. Serbia may host its first military exercises with the force as well.
The U.S. Marine Corps is not only building bilateral and multilateral ties with nineteen countries in the Balkans, the Black Sea region and the Caucasus and other parts of the former Soviet Union, it is also consolidating NATO's expansion into those areas with the ultimate aim of full Alliance membership for those not already among the bloc's 28 member states.
It can be argued that the Cold War didn't end, that the U.S. and NATO continue to wage it with wars and preparations for wars.
What role the NATO and partnership troops may have played had the military uprising progressed further than it did can be easily imagined.
The U.S. Marine Corps' Black Sea Rotational Force posted on its Facebook account (and to date nowhere else) that its six-month rotation for this year will "build enduring partnerships with 19 nations throughout Eastern Europe." More accurately, as the Marine program formed two years ago identifies as its mission, in "the Black Sea, Balkan and Caucasus regions."
Two years ago twelve nations were involved, by last year there were thirteen - Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine - and this year nineteen. The six new participating nations were not named.
Black Sea Rotational Force 2012 began its half-year-long deployment in Georgia by joining Agile Spirit 2012 in March at the Vaziani Training Area where the last Cooperative Longbow/Lancer exercises took place. Serbia may host its first military exercises with the force as well.
The U.S. Marine Corps is not only building bilateral and multilateral ties with nineteen countries in the Balkans, the Black Sea region and the Caucasus and other parts of the former Soviet Union, it is also consolidating NATO's expansion into those areas with the ultimate aim of full Alliance membership for those not already among the bloc's 28 member states.
It can be argued that the Cold War didn't end, that the U.S. and NATO continue to wage it with wars and preparations for wars.
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