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2
In a revealing booklet called "Modern Money Mechanics," the Chicago Federal Reserve detailed how fractional reserve lending allows money to "expand." The booklet is now out of print, perhaps because it revealed too much; but it is still available on the Internet. On page 11 of the booklet is a helpful chart showing that the original deposit is not actually "lent" but remains in the bank throughout the expansion process. What is lent is an additional sum created on the bank's books valued at 90 percent of the original deposit. Then another sum is lent that is 90 percent of the second deposit, and so forth, until the total sum generated is 10 times the original deposit, with tidy sums collected in interest at each step along the way.
The November 25 New York Times article continued:
"The Treasury secretary, Henry M. Paulson Jr., made it clear that the new lending facility was just a 'starting point' and could be expanded to many other kinds of debt, like commercial mortgage-backed securities. . . . It was the first time that the Fed and the Treasury have stepped in to finance consumer debt. The $200 billion program comes close to being a government bank."
A government bank that makes credit available to all qualified borrowers is not a bad idea. It would seem to be a more useful idea than manipulating interest rates, the conventional tool used by the Federal Reserve to regulate the money supply. When Paul Volcker raised interest rates to 20% in 1980, he bankrupted much of the Third World; and when Alan Greenspan lowered the short-term interest rate to 1% in 2001, he precipitated the housing and derivatives bubbles that are bankrupting the U.S. today. A government-owned bank that put credit into the economy in an open, accountable and impartial way could be just what the doctor ordered. The problem is, the Federal Reserve isn't government-owned (it is owned by a consortium of private banks ); and it is not distributing the public credit openly and impartially. The Fed has kept the recipients of its largesse largely secret (something Bloomberg News is currently suing about under the Freedom of Information Act ). However, it is clearly favoring its banking cronies over consumers.
Note that the "consumer debt" the Fed is now supposedly financing does not consist of loans directly to consumers. The loans are to lenders holding consumer debt ("companies that post collateral based on securities backed by consumer debt or business loans"). Like with subprime mortgages, lenders have pushed credit cards and student loans onto anyone who would take them, because the lenders had no intention of keeping those risky loans on their books. They intended to package them up as "securities" and sell them to investors. But the investors are catching onto this scam and are no longer buying; so the Fed is stepping in to underwrite the debt, advancing "credit" created on its books with accounting entries. When these loans are not paid back, we the taxpayers pick up the tab, either directly or through the "hidden tax" of inflation. The benefit goes to the lenders, who get off scot-free for their risky ventures, while the people bear the risk and pick up the losses.
If these investments are too risky for investors, they should also be too risky for the "government bank." We don't need more consumer debt to keep the economy going. We need more wages and salaries, and that means more jobs. Rather than propping up the "finance" industry (the business of money making money), the Fed should be furnishing low-interest loans directly to businesses, state and local governments and other qualified members of the producing economy.
Watching the Paulson/Bernanke bailout scenario unfold is a bit like watching the end of the Charlton Heston movie El Cid, where the Spaniards prop up their dead general on his horse and charge the Moors, giving the illusion that the champion is still alive and leading them. In this case, what they are propping up are not national heroes but banking pretenders who are not only unnecessary but have established their incompetence at managing the banking business. Congress could avoid this costly masquerade by either nationalizing the Federal Reserve or setting up its own publicly-owned lending facility, one that created credit on its books just as private banks do now and made it available openly, impartially, and at modest interest rates to all qualified borrowers. Unqualified borrowers should be denied, and that includes insolvent private banks, which should be put into FDIC receivership, had their books washed clean in bankruptcy, and reorganized as truly "national" banks advancing the "full faith and credit of the United States" for the benefit of the people of the United States.
1. Mark Pittman, Bob Ivry, "U.S. Pledges $7.7 Trillion to Ease Frozen Credit," Bloomberg.com (November 25, 2008).
2. See Ellen Brown, "It's the Derivatives, Stupid! Why Fannie, Freddie and AIG All Had to Be Bailed Out," www.webofdebt.com (September 18, 2008).
3 Edmund Andrews, "U.S. Details $800 Billion Loan Plans," New York Times (November 26, 2008).
4. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, "Reserve Requirements," www.ny.frb.org/aboutthefed/fedpoint/fed45.html (June 2004).
5. See Ellen Brown, "The Fed Now Owns the World's Largest Insurance Company But Who Owns the Fed?", www.webofdebt.com (October 7, 2008).
6. Mark Pittman, et al., "Fed Denies Transparency Aim in Refusal to Disclose," Bloomberg.com (November 10, 2008).
