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The UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (called the Palermo Protocol or Trafficking Protocol) defines the practice as follows in Article 3:
"Trafficking in persons shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs...."
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights obligates nations to respect and safeguard all individuals within their territory, as well as prevent, investigate and prosecute violations of their rights.
Other relevant laws include:
-- the UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others;
-- the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women;
-- the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children; and
-- the UN Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
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