No matter how awful you think our government and political system have become, odds are you do not know about this travesty of justice, an incredible failure to honor our fabled Constitution. This failure has removed the sovereignty of we the people, and made Congress much more powerful than it should be. Let me acknowledge that even though I have been pegged as "Democracy's Mr. Fix It," until recently I too was ignorant about this blatant disregard for a key part of our Constitution.
Our Founders were acutely aware of the need to create a mechanism for we the people to, when necessary, circumvent the political power of the federal government. They built in a critically important form of direct democracy that, however, our elected MISrepresentatives have refused to implement. Here it is: Article V of our Constitution specifies two distinct routes to amending our Constitution: "The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress..."
Conventions to consider constitutional amendments should be seen as peaceful revolutions – a remedy specified in our Constitution for addressing a national government and political system that no longer serves public interests. Congress has been so corrupted for so long that it has blatantly ignored the constitutional provision for conventions. It wants exclusive power over amending our Constitution in violation of the Constitution itself.
The key point is that our Founders gave states this route to address excess federal power. All of the twenty-seven amendments thus far incorporated into the Constitution were proposed by Congress. Granted, Article V has sparse language. But clearly Congress "shall" call a convention to order when the only stated requirement is met, namely that two-thirds of state legislatures request a convention. There are NO other stated requirements. So, have state legislatures requested a convention and has Congress fulfilled its constitutional, legal responsibility and called for one?
Yes, a sufficient number of state legislatures have requested a convention. With 50 states presently in the Union, there must be applications made by lawmakers in at least 34 states in order to trigger the constitutionally specified convention option. In fact, there have been over five hundred state applications requesting a convention and Congress has never called for one. All the state applications are there in the Congressional Record and Congress is ignoring them. Legally known as laches, things that are ignored on purpose.
As noted in Wikipedia: "The framers of the Constitution wanted a means of sometimes bypassing a potentially unwilling Congress in the amendment-proposing process. They thought that there could be circumstances in which Congress, for self-serving reasons, would ignore valid pleas to amend the Constitution and so the framers established an alternate means of proposing change in the Constitution." Just as an example, consider that a convention might decide to alter or abandon the Electoral College system for choosing a president.
What has Congress done? Congress has never obeyed Article V and certified that a national Constitutional convention must be held – remember, NOT by itself to amend the Constitution, but solely at its discretion to propose amendments – just as Congress has done in the past. Then, it would be up to state legislatures or state conventions to actually pass or not pass any proposed amendments. Congress has never even established a procedure for tracking state requests for a convention. Congress' power-grabbing behavior is by itself sufficient reason why Americans should want a convention – one possible amendment would be to amplify the language on conventions to make Congress more responsible.
This point is especially important. As noted in Wikipedia, Congress has never responded to many requests from states by calling a convention, supposedly because those applications requested amendments on different subjects. However, Article V does not explicitly require that state requests must specify what amendment(s) they are interested in pursuing. Congressional inaction has contributed to the impression that states must petition for the same amendment(s). However, federal courts have never ruled on this "precedent," nor should they. We do not need any judicial decision, because Article V does not require that states specify anything other than their desire for a convention. Logically, to require states to signal in advance what they were interested in doing would create the potential for congressional refusal to call a convention. Thus, the Founders knew what they were doing when they did not require such notification.
As if the illegal inactions by Congress is not enough to make your patrotic blood boil, the Supreme Court rejected hearing a case that claimed it was illegal for Congress to avoid calling a convention. In August 2006 Bill Walker filed a petition of close to 1,000 pages; he noted that 49 states had requested a convention. He correctly emphasized that "On its face, that fact alone compels Congress to call a convention, which it has not, and compels the judicial system, under its oath to support the Constitution, to enforce that document's provision and declare such inaction by Congress, unconstitutional."
On October 30, 2006 the Supreme Court denied certiorari to this question in Walker v. Members of Congress (06-244). By refusing to hear the case it allowed the direct text of the United States Constitution to be vetoed with impunity by Congress. What is so disturbing is that the Supreme Court did not think it worthy or that it had a Constitutional duty to address the power of Congress by itself to veto an explicit clause and provision in our Constitution. Thus two branches of the federal government violated their sacred, sworn oath to obey the Constitution. Simply put, the refusal of Congress to issue the call for a convention even when a sufficient number of applying states exists is unconstitutional, and the refusal of the Supreme Court to rule that Congress has acted unconstitutionally was itself unconstitutional.
Imagine this: Congress upholds its oath and issues a call for a Constitutional convention. The states would hold special elections for delegates; the delegates would convene and make their own rules for reaching decisions. Once all the delegates had proposed their ideas and agreed on what amendments should be ratified by the states, the convention would end. The proposed amendments would then be sent out to the states by Congress; the ratification process would begin. Once any single amendment garnered the approval of 38 states – a high hurdle – it would be amended to the Constitution. A host of electoral reforms could be enacted to rejuvenate our American democracy.
If you truly believe in our constitutional republic and representative democracy with safeguards, then you must demand that every presidential candidate take a clear, unequivocal position on this Article V constitutional convention requirement. It is time for the Executive Branch to stand up for constitutional integrity. Every single one of us should demand from whoever becomes our new president in 2008 a commitment to pressure Congress for a convention. He or she should do that soon after taking office – after swearing to defend and uphold our Constitution. Should we accept anything less?
How could candidates for the presidency say that a clear constitutional clause is not valid? Nor must they be allowed to do what Congress has done – simply ignore the whole Article V convention issue. Take a stand! Inaction means our Constitution will suffer three strikes and have even less credibility with the many U.S. citizens and people worldwide who already see American democracy riddled with hypocrisy.
And where the hell is our mainstream news media? Is not obeying our Constitution worthy of their attention?
[The subject of Constitutional conventions and many other forms of direct democracy are examined in the author's new book Delusional Democracy; check it out at www.delusionaldemocracy.com.]
www.delusionaldemocracy.com
Joel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the (more...)
The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of this website or its editors.
This piece is all about process, about how we should have a Constitutional Convention since the Constitutional requirement for such a Convention has been fulfilled by the requests of more than a sufficient number of state legislatures. But to what end? A Constitutional Convention will enact whatever changes those who show up (or the dominant faction thereof) want to make. Hirschhorn gives not a single reason to call such a Convention. Perhaps this betrays a typical 'progressive' fondness for structure and process over substance. Its desirability, at this point, is not self-evident, though it might be someday. A Constitutional Convention today might end up declaring the Bible the sacred text of American government, for all anyone knows. People first have to be persuaded of specific desirable changes to create a climate in which they can be enacted, and that's a whole separate debate.
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Kuzminski (6 articles, 0 quicklinks, 2 diaries, 93 comments) on Friday, Dec 29, 2006 at 8:07:28 PM
The reason for a constitutional convention is to get a chance for policy, electoral and legislative reforms that a corrupt congress will never deliver!!! Why would any sane person have confidence in our corrupt, unresponsive, unrepresentative congress??? Why do you think congress has for decades refused to honor and obey the constitution?? Because the power elites and moneyed interests that control congress do not want we the people to use the power that our Founders gave us in OUR constitution!!! I will be writing more articles on this increadible form of congressional tyranny. Why would patriotic Americans NOT be horrified and totally angry that congress has blatantly violated a clear constitutional provision??
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Joel S. Hirschhorn (141 articles, 50 quicklinks, 65 diaries, 546 comments [2 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Friday, Dec 29, 2006 at 9:17:29 PM
Great article, Joel, but alas Congress has a lot on its plate, and none of it's edible. They're having a hard enough time holding their ground against the travesties of a hyperactive executive branch, and failing at is, so far, as evidenced by their approval of the war in Iraq, the USA Patriot Act, and the Military Commissions Act. We can only hope that, with the new majority, Congress will counter claims of a unitary presidency, as well as try to keep up with all the imminent battles this president has in store for us.
Congress, and the Supreme Court have both been under unprecedented assault by this chief executive which is not to deny the importance of Article 5; only to put it into perspective. This administration has violated Geneva, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the War Crimes Act, as well as FISA.
We need to see more hands-on democracy, your suggestion is an excellent one, and giving the states a voice is admirable, but if it attempts to investigate every offense of this regime, then Congress will be working well into the next century.
That said, I think your idea is right on the money and may well provide the solution to what appears to be the ultimate, and inevitable overthrow of Roe v. Wade.
But, for the moment, if we're to concern ourselves with constitutional amendments, the ones we need immediate attention are the First, Second, and Fourth Amendments which have been violated. A resident doctor, in an emergency room, handles a patient with a life-threatening bullet wound before someone who has hard wax build-up.
And, not to defend the mainstream media, perish the thought, but jeez louise who can keep up with all these constitutional transgressions, lawbreaking, followed by dubious legal measures to legitimatize them?
If you want to dump on someone, dump on the executive branch of government, not Congress. They're the rape victim, just as is the Supreme Court. Yes, they "should" have spoken up against an egregious abuse of power, but the Repugs were the majority. Let's see what happens now that the Dems take over, but give them a chance, for cripe's sake.
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Jayne Lyn Stahl (188 articles, 2 quicklinks, 7 diaries, 72 comments) on Saturday, Dec 30, 2006 at 12:05:16 PM
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