Tags for This Article:

Election Technology Reports (115)  Fraudulent Elections (91)  Election Audit (24)  Transparent Vote Count (10) 

Populum Tag Cloud
       Control Panel
Fine tune your search to access content
Articles
Diaries Products
Events All
All time
Last 6 mos
Last month
Last week
Last 24 hrs
From:
Month  Day   Year

To:
Month  Day   Year
Alphabet
Popularity
Count ON
Count OFF
This Level
Sub-levels

 

 

 

Tag(s): ; ; ;
Add to My Group
June 24, 2008 at 08:23:06

Headlined on 6/24/08:
Count Every Vote: Sampling v. Full Counts

by Rady Ananda     Page 1 of 1 page(s)

www.opednews.com

 

Tell A Friend

(0.0 from 0 ratings) View Ratings | Rate It

Audit Sampling vs. Full Count Elections 

While activists and politicians discuss different audit schemes to check the accuracy of computerized election results, the audit debate obscures the reality that most of the US has stopped reliably counting all the ballots.  Whatever percent audited is the only percent of ballots that are reliably counted in the U.S., because repeated scientific studies show that software-driven voting systems provide us with no rational basis to trust reported results. 

We can applaud these activists and officials for comprehending the need for hard, discrete evidence.  We do need a reliable count independent of software, given the undetectably mutable nature of software.  Both the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Science Foundation's ACCURATE center promote "software independence."  Why?  Because we cannot trust results produced on undetectably mutable software. 

Why, then, insert this expensive, non-securable, unverifiable, non-transparent election system between the ballots and a reliable count? Qui bono?   

I suppose this question is similar to asking why finance a war, when our own infrastructure is crumbling. The answer is the same: profits for the few, at the expense of the many. 

Beyond mentioning the absurdity of using expensive gadgets that don't work, this essay does not seek to engage the audit debate. The point is that a sample is not a full count of the ballots, by definition.  The larger point is,  

When and who decided we should stop counting all of our ballots? 

Because states chose to accept federal funds to buy unreliable computerized technology, we are forced to rely on some other means of determining election results. Informed activists and public officials recognize we must hand count the ballots, and this is what prompts the audit debate.  The only "other means" our legislatures will consider is a small statistical sampling of the paper ballots.   

In those jurisdictions that use computerized voting systems and that do audit the voter-completed ballot, only a tiny percentage of all ballots cast is reliably counted.  This represents well over 90% of US elections with less than 5% of all ballots reliably counted. 

That is the reality. With the exception of New York State, and some scattered hand-count jurisdictions, US elections are no longer reliably counted in full. 

Only sampling our ballots, and never counting all of them, is inappropriate as a means to determine election results in a democracy.  It is especially inappropriate given that the public was not consulted regarding this decision to reliably count only a small percent of all ballots cast.    

The raging audit debate misses this point, showing how election integrity advocates have been misled into a discussion that supports the continued use of faulty technology. 

The frame is not what percent do we audit, but should we stop counting all the votes. 

Legislation that permits only a small portion of all ballots to be counted in a reliable manner abrogates the public's right to have all our votes reliably counted.

 

http://www.re-mediaetc.org/

In 2004, Rady Ananda began contributing to the Web, as part of the growing community of citizen journalists. Focusing mainly on elections, her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She currently serves as a senior editor at OpEdNews. All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008. Permission is granted to repost, with proper attribution including the original link. In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act. Tell the truth anyway. Sign this petition: http://www.electiondefensealliance.org/ny_levers_petition

Contact Author
Contact Editor
View Other Articles by Author

 

Bookmark this page: (what's this?)

NETSCAPE      DIGG THIS      Add This Page to Mr Wong!           NEWSVINE      DEl.ICIO.US      Looksmart Furl      My Web      Tag!RawSugar      Blink List     (More...)
Comments: Expand   Shrink   Hide  
14 comments

Kathlyn Stone is a Minnesota-based writer covering science and medicine, health care and related policies. She publishes www.fleshandstone.net, a health and science news site.
Kathlyn StoneKathlyn Stone is a Minnesota-based writer covering science and medicine, health care and related policies. She publishes www.fleshandstone.net, a health and science news site.

Yes, give us hand-counted paper ballots!

The government lobbyists won again when Congress agreed to turn our elections into a profit-based system, like health care.

 

by Kathlyn Stone (35 articles, 210 quicklinks, 22 diaries, 581 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 11:22:55 AM
 


Midwesterner, veteran of VietNam era naval service, I still feel an obligation to defend the Constitution against "all enemies, foreign and domestic."
John Sanchez Jr.Midwesterner, veteran of VietNam era naval service, I still feel an obligation to defend the Constitution against "all enemies, foreign and domestic."

Thanks, Rady

Peering through the B.S. as you have done here is the only way to defeat such a well developed B.S. generating machine.

by John Sanchez Jr. (4 articles, 0 quicklinks, 7 diaries, 1018 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 12:07:55 PM
 


John is an educator who asks "Is that true?" and "Why?" far too often.
John HaighJohn is an educator who asks "Is that true?" and "Why?" far too often.

The KISS principle

In Australia the electoral commission hires neutral people to manually count the ballots at the polling station at the end of the day. They are usually school teachers.

Representatives of every candidate can observe the count as scruitineers.

After the ballots are counted, they are put in sealed boxes in case a very close results indicates the need for a recount.

The results are posted and declared at the polling station and phoned through to the central tally room where once again figures are published for every polling station.

There are far too many witnesses at every point to allow for any chance of fudging the numbers. In big polling stations it might take a couple of hours to count all the votes.

I can't understand how Americans ever got sold on the need to complicate a perfectly simple and manageable process.

by John Haigh (1 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 105 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 2:10:57 PM
 


Brent Turner is an election integrity activist. He has founded numerous activist groups- He is an Oxford graduate currently living in California.
Brent TurnerBrent Turner is an election integrity activist. He has founded numerous activist groups- He is an Oxford graduate currently living in California.

Almoet there

Rady-  You know all us civil rights activists love you dearly...  but you continue to miss the mark on better election reform practices-  Here's the good news- You are 90 % there.

You are correct in that we need high percentage audits and all paper ballots-  but you go off the cliff when you suggest we ignore the reality of the machines ..  Most all better election reformists agree we must focus the movement to not only embrace high audits and mandatory paper ballots, but also go after the software driving the all too real electronic systems.

To pretend the systems don't exist, or that they will soon magically disappear, is bad policy that can tender grave results.  We must use every ounce of energy for focused strategy-  By leaving out the necessity of "open source " in our advocacy, you open the door for Microsoft and othe " Black Box' advocates to remain entrenched.

We must break down the cartel of intellectual property code vendors and open the systems to public oversight and inspection....With the ability to get to the moon and back- Certainly we can  implement voting systems that have transparency, redundancy, and appropriate security measures.

 Check out the all open source code ballot printer voting system  at www.openvoting.org -  No more ballot shortages-  no more errant markings- these systems will be demonstrated at LinuxWorld Aug 5-7th 2008  in San Francisco-  Moscone Center  

Brent Turner 

 

by Brent Turner (1 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 81 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 7:55:42 PM
 


In 2004, Rady Ananda began contributing to the Web, as part of the growing community of citizen journalists. Focusing mainly on elections, her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She currently serves as a senior editor at OpEdNews.

All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008. Permission is granted to repost, with...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Rady AnandaIn 2004, Rady Ananda began contributing to the Web, as part of the growing community of citizen journalists. Focusing mainly on elections, her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She currently serves as a senior editor at OpEdNews.

All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008. Permission is granted to repost, with...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Knowing the Source Code does NOT protect it

As you know, Brent, the open source argument has been completely decimated by all the scientific studies which show that knowing the source code will not prevent unauthorized access to a voting machine, a memory card, or the Election Management System computer (commonly referred to as the central tabulator).

The California Top to Bottom Review, Ohio's EVEREST study, the Hursti Hacks, Connecticut Voting Technology Center, and more - all cited in my article above, all hacked the machines within a minute, without knowing the source code.

I do not understand your persistence in promoting the worst possible technology for public elections in a democracy, especially as each new study comes out, and condemns your open source company.

And, source code is not object code - and object code is what counts the votes and runs elections.  As these studies point out, no one can guarantee the security of software because software, by its nature, is undetectably mutable.

Now, can I get you interested in promoting lever machines? See  Return to Paper Ballots? Not so fast.

by Rady Ananda (89 articles, 234 quicklinks, 18 diaries, 650 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 8:39:21 PM
 


Brent Turner is an election integrity activist. He has founded numerous activist groups- He is an Oxford graduate currently living in California.
Brent TurnerBrent Turner is an election integrity activist. He has founded numerous activist groups- He is an Oxford graduate currently living in California.

Almost right

Rady-  Though I agree that hand counting is better than using vulnerable secret source code systems- The point you are missing is that we will be using electronic systems ad infinitem- therefore your strategy is like leading troops over a cliff in hopes they will sprout wings and fly- 

The only resistance to open source is Microsoft and allies-  i.e. vendors who want a closed, non-inspectable system. Certainly you can not be in that camp. By touting the few scientists that attempt to diminish the benefits of sotware transparency, you are detracting from the movement to heighten security expeditiously.

We the people wnat to be able to review the code- not have it hidden- Wishing for a return to the days of no machines is cool- but when you take it to the point of providing disinformation you are doing damage. Naturally open source code is not a panacea but merely a real world starting point to upgraded security. My point of irritation is with those who purport expertise and fundraise- then stand by deficient platform. 

The Secretaries of State are investigating transparent systems including open source code ballot printers-  They are not considering the abolishment of all technology-  Better activist election reform platform naturally includes advocacy of open source, as the alternative is a black box-  please get up to speed-  Best-  Brent 

by Brent Turner (1 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 81 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 11:34:27 PM
 


Dave is a freethinker currently living in Colorado. He promises to someday make his bio either more informative or more entertaining.
Dave WheelerDave is a freethinker currently living in Colorado. He promises to someday make his bio either more informative or more entertaining.

Re: Knowing the Source Code does NOT protect it

Apologies in advance, I haven't read any of your cited links. I wanted to take a look at this openvoting.org project myself first.

I went to openvoting.org - no s/w there, but a link in a FAQ led me to a sourceforge project. This project looks pretty preliminary - and possibly dead (no activity since 2004). The only download of significance is a compiled project for use on "DOS" based platforms. I wonder how well that executable runs on XP, much less on Vista?

The documentation says it's supposed to be Python-based. One implication of this is that unless it's compiled and all dependencies are distributed with it (which would also make you dependent on a very specific O/S) - the source code is interpreted at run-time. This means it's now critical to guarantee the Python interpreter isn't hacked.

First off, the question of anonymity. The documentation states:

To avoid birthday paradox collisions, the voting machine will probably generate and retain a randomized list of session-id's at initialization. In Python, this can be generated with:
session_ids = range(1000)
random.shuffle(session_ids)

The documentation for the python random module says:

Python uses the Mersenne Twister as the core generator...The Mersenne Twister is one of the most extensively tested random number generators in existence. However, being completely deterministic, it is not suitable for all purposes, and is completely unsuitable for cryptographic purposes.


A better solution would have been to use a kernel random number device, to generate truly random numbers from external entropy pools (like disk usage, mouse movements, keystrokes, etc).

Next, the documentation explains the use of an exclusive-or operation for obfuscating ballot ids:

Of course, the distribution of bits is not uniform; but the point is obfuscation, not encryption, so this is a non-issue.

A person who recognizes Code 128 can read the ballot-id at the beginning of a barcode, but this is not secret information. I believe it is outside the capability of a person to both read the remainder of the barcode and perform a rapid mental XOR against the ballot-id based key. Obviously, this is possible with some time, and pencil-and-paper; but generally anyone with sufficient degree of access can also obtained access to the human-readable ballot itself...Obviously, the point is that XOR'ing the result against the same key produces the original vote bits.


Many years ago, I used to program in assembly - and I can guarantee that doing this mentally is most definitely possible! Also - if I can reproduce the original vote bits, then that isn't obfuscaton. Using a one-way hash would give you obfuscation - this does nothing of the sort.

Between using a deterministic algorithm "to avoid birthday paradox collisions" and the lack of a one-way hash for obfuscation, this system would worry me just as much as one on Windows using MS Access files.

Lastly, ignoring the whole question of how you audit low-level, hardware-related code in any PC that is still proprietary (the BIOS comes to mind right off the bat), I have yet to hear a realistic explanation of how audits of open source voting systems would occur. As I sit here writing this on my own custom Linux distribution, built from the ground up from source code, and ponder how much time I spend just maintaining some of the necessary patches to make everything play well together - that only touch a few hundred lines of code! - my mind is boggled at how huge an effort it would be to audit every line of code on any O/S released in the last twenty years! If it was a realistic idea, then wouldn't somebody have already done it? Where is the bullet-proof software that never has defects or security vulnerabilities?

by Dave Wheeler (2 articles, 2 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 18 comments) on Wednesday, June 25, 2008 at 1:05:42 AM
 


In 2004, Rady Ananda began contributing to the Web, as part of the growing community of citizen journalists. Focusing mainly on elections, her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She currently serves as a senior editor at OpEdNews.

All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008. Permission is granted to repost, with...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Rady AnandaIn 2004, Rady Ananda began contributing to the Web, as part of the growing community of citizen journalists. Focusing mainly on elections, her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She currently serves as a senior editor at OpEdNews.

All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008. Permission is granted to repost, with...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Greater complexity = greater vulnerability

Thanks, Dave:

As I sit here writing this on my own custom Linux distribution, built from the ground up from source code, and ponder how much time I spend just maintaining some of the necessary patches to make everything play well together - that only touch a few hundred lines of code! - my mind is boggled at how huge an effort it would be to audit every line of code on any O/S released in the last twenty years! If it was a realistic idea, then wouldn't somebody have already done it? Where is the bullet-proof software that never has defects or security vulnerabilities? (emphasis added)

Given that voting system software code is hundreds of thousands of lines  in length, experts admit (as sourced in my link above) no one can guarantee every mistake or fraud in the software can be found - even if a team of experts goes thru it.

by Rady Ananda (89 articles, 234 quicklinks, 18 diaries, 650 comments) on Wednesday, June 25, 2008 at 9:34:49 AM
 


August Adams is a CPA and holds a Masters Degree in Psychology. He is an activist striving to create a fair and just world for all.
August AdamsAugust Adams is a CPA and holds a Masters Degree in Psychology. He is an activist striving to create a fair and just world for all.

Counting Every Vote

In a Democracy, what a novel idea!

I like the Australian approach described above.  I bet a lot of people would volunteer to spend a day performing their civic duty so that every vote would be counted fairly and accurately.

A Democracy where very vote counts, we should try it sometime! 

 

by August Adams (10 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 428 comments) on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 at 10:18:34 PM
 

 

14 comments

 

Tell A Friend

 


Copyright © OpEdNews, 2002-2008

Blog Ads

 

 

 

 

Most Popular Articles
in the Last 2 Days
(by Recommend Emails)

"Welcome, Rich White Oligarchs!" --Daily Show Billboard Greets Republicans In Minnesota Posted by Rob Kall

Why I Won't Vote for John McCain by Phillip Butler

Carville is a Spy for Bush Posted by Josh Mitteldorf

Virgo New Moon, August 30, 2008 by C.L. Pagano

Howard Zinn's Advice to Obama by Rob Kall

McCrash: McCain's Military Record Revisited by Hill Kemp

Got a Traffic Ticket in the Mail for a Right on Red at an Automated Enforcement Light? by Tumerica

The Rise and Fall of the US Dollar as the The World Reserve by John Little

"Now, This!" by Stephen Pizzo

Torture As Official Israeli Policy by Stephen Lendman

Popularity Navigation
Control Panel:

Select Time
6 hrs 12 hrs
1 Day 2 Days
3 Days 1 Week
2 Weeks 1 Month
2 Months 3 Months
6 Months Last Year
Select Content
Articles Diaries
Polls Events
All Op-Eds
News Life/Arts/Science
Select Popularity
Page Views
# of Comments
Recommend Emails
  

Go To Top 50 Most Popular