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Industrial cultures destined for fuel necessitate the massive spreading of fertilizer produced from oil, of which the world consumption – currently 45 million tons a year – has more than double the level of nitrogen biologically available on the planet, which thus contributes strongly to the emission of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas whose potential for global warming is three hundred times higher than the emission of CO2 (carbon dioxide). In tropical regions where most biofuels will soon be coming from, chemical fertilizers have ten times more effect on global warming than in temperate regions.
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Biofuels do not cause deforestation
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The introduction of cultures destined for biofuels will simply have the effect of pushing back these communities (indigenous populations) towards the "agricultural frontier" of Amazonia, where the devastating ways of land clearing are all too well known. Soya already supplies 40 % of biofuels in Brazil. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the more the price of soya increases, the more the destruction of the humid rain forest in Amazonia will accelerate – 325 hectares a year, at the present rate.
In Indonesia, oil palms destined for the production of biodiesel – called the "diesel of deforestation" are the principal cause of the retreat of the forest. In 2020, those surfaces will have tripled and will reach 16,5 million hectares – England and Wales taken together, – with as a result a loss of 98 % of the land covered by forest. Neighboring Malaysia, the prime producer of palm oil in the world, has already lost 87 % of its tropical forests and continues to clear land at the rate of 7 % a year. taken together, – with as a result a loss of 98 % of the land covered by forest. Neighboring
Biofuels allow for rural development
Cargill and ADM control 65 % of the world's cereal market; Monsanto and Syngenta dominate the market of genetically modified products. … Very likely, small farmers will be expelled from the market and from their land. Hundreds of thousands have already been moved out from the "republic of soya", a region of over 50 million hectares which covers the south of Brazil, the north of Argentina and the east of Bolivia.
Biofuels do not cause starvation
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), there is enough food in the world to feed all its inhabitants with a daily ration of 2,200 calories in the form of fresh and dried fruits, vegetables and milk and meat products. However, because they are poor, 824 million people continue to suffer from hunger. … A concrete example is Mexico. Its customs barriers having been dismantled by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico now imports 30 % of its corn from the United States. The growing demand for ethanol in this country has put enormous pressure on the price of this cereal, which went up last February to its highest level in ten years, causing a dramatic rise in the price of tortilla – the basic food for the Mexican population. On a planetary level, the poorest people spend 50 to 80 % of their family's income on food. They suffer when the high prices of the cultures for fuel make the prices of food go up. … If the present tendency continues, 1.2 billion inhabitants could suffer from chronic hunger in 2025.Biofuels of "the second generation" are within reach
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The international energy agency estimates that within the next twenty-three years, the world could produce 147 million tons of biofuels. Such a volume will produce a lot of carbon, nitrous oxide, erosion and more than 2 billion tons of used water. As surprising as this may seem, this will just compensate for the annual increase of global demand for oil, currently estimated at 136 million tons a year. Is it worth the enormous investment?
For the big cereal companies, certainly. Whether they are called ADM, Cargill or Bunge, they are the pillars of agro business.
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Unfortunately, the transition towards biofuels suffer from a congenital flaw. They enter into competition with food for land, for water and for resources. Developed to the extreme, they will be used to produce… biofuels. … "Renewable" actually does not mean "unlimited". Even if the cultures can be replanted, the land, the water and the nutriments remain limited.
