HAVA and HR811 --
Voting Machines’ Impact on Minority Communities
Report by Teresa Hommel
Chair, Task Force on Election Integrity, Community Church of NY
The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) required all states to provide voting devices in each poll site to enable voters with disabilities to vote privately and independently, and authorized the use of federal monies for states to purchase new equipment.
HAVA money has been used to purchase two kinds of new systems:
- Paper ballot voting systems, consisting of paper ballots, optical scanners, and accessible ballot marking devices, or
- Electronic voting machines, known as touchscreens or DREs (Direct Recording Electronic machines).
HAVA spurred a nationwide grassroots election integrity movement to fight the use of DREs because DREs conceal vote-handling, insider tampering, outsider hacking, as well as innocent errors. DREs shut out the community and prevent citizens from participating in election procedures. No one can witness, understand, or attest to the honesty of vote-handling and vote-counting that take place inside DREs.
Problems with DREs have had a greater impact on minorities. For example, when New Mexico switched from DREs to paper ballots in 2006, minority undervote rates plummeted as much as 85%.[1]
1. Evidence now shows that DREs are capable of ethnic profiling when voters select a non-English language for the display of their ballot on the touchscreen, and DREs may lose the votes intended to be cast on such ballots.[2]
2, DREs have proven to be unmanageable for many poll workers, voters, and elections staff, which means that voters can’t vote because no one can make the DRE voting machines work.[3]
3.This is in addition to disenfranchisement caused by malfunctions, failures, and long waiting lines due to insufficient equipment. Federal standards allow DREs to have a 9.2% failure rate.[4]
4. DREs are intimidating and confusing for the elderly and non-computer-users.
5. With or without a voter-verified paper trail, DREs prevent voters from knowing whether their votes have been correctly recorded and counted. This is because the touchscreen display and the paper trail, both of which voters can verify, can be different from the invisible, unverifiable votes electronically-recorded inside the computer, which are used to determine election tallies.[5] Thus, DREs increase voter cynicism and discourage people from voting.
