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December 24, 2007 at 12:41:25

Hyperconsumption, global warming, and the fall of basic-goods buying power among the middle class

by Richard Clark     Page 1 of 4 page(s)

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A growing percentage of the work most people do these days is necessary only to produce, market, sell, consume and dispose of products and services that are increasingly superfluous.  Compare this to the ever lesser amount of work people do to produce those products and services that are of basic or fundamental importance and that meet basic needs. 

 

Now ask yourself this:  If (somehow), anyone who wanted to, could join with others of like mind, to work only as much as it took to efficiently and cooperatively produce basic goods and services, and take their fair share, then no one who wanted just these basic things -- housing, food staples, utilities, education, basic health care -- would have to work more than 20 hours a week, 8-9 months a year in order to get these basics. 

 

Obviously most people would, to one extent or another, want more than these basics, and to the extent they did, they could of course work at other jobs to get the money to buy what they wanted.  The point is that no one would any longer be forced to work full time, 11 months of the year, in the production of the environmentally damaging superfluous, in order to get all their basic needs met (including health care) in some adequate way.

 

As several surveys have shown, most people (Caucasians at least) were happier in the 50s and early 60s (when average consumption and incomes were much less) than they are today.  So, has all this increased personal consumption benefitted us as much as we think it has?  And at what cost to us and the environment has it been provided?

 

=====================

 

If the main contention in my first three paragraph is true, i.e. that people granted the opportunity to work exclusively, cooperatively and efficiently on the production of basics . . could today produce all they needed by working an average of only 20 hours/week, then on what rational basis do we deny decent housing (i.e. houses of average size and quality), decent health care, and other basics . . to artists, activists and other leisure-time lovers if they are perfectly willing and able to work 20 hours a week, 8-9 months a year (on the efficient and well-organized production of just these basic goods and services)?  Isn't this monumentally unfair to both them and our environment?

 

The crux of the matter is this:  For how much longer can our planet's human-friendly environment survive a hyperproductive-hyperconsumptive economic system in which no one is allowed to have decent housing, health care, education etc. unless they are willing to get on, and stay on, the hyperproduction-hyperconsumption treadmill? --which means working 40-50 hours a week, 11 months of the year, at some highly productive and probably highly polluting company or corporation that is willing to pay its employees a large enough salary for them to afford the steep prices of a relatively nice home, a college education for their kids, good health care, and their share of all modern luxuries?

 

In short, wouldn’t both we and ‘the planet’ be better off if most of us worked less, consumed less, wasted less and polluted less?

 

=============

 

One related problem to consider:  As regards the purchase of basics like homes, health care, automobiles and college education, the real buying power provided by most jobs is falling (and has been falling) since about 1970.  To wit:

 

In terms of the number of hours that must now be worked in order to pay for it,

  • the cost of college keeps going up, thereby excluding growing numbers of would-be college students. 
 
  • houses that once allowed a single middle-class worker to own them, now require at least two such workers, man and wife. 
 
  • ever more people cannot afford basic health care.  There are not enough hours in the day.
 

A second problem:  Suburban sprawl is one of the most wasteful and polluting developments in history.  People who don't use automobiles, and who live in high-rise buildings or large multistory apartment complexes, close to their jobs, are responsible for far far less pollution and waste than are those who drive a car, by themselves, for 60 to 100 miles or more every day, just to get to work and back.  Then, with all their money -- from jobs at companies which, for the most part, produce superfluous products and services that must be heavily advertized just to sell – these suburban ‘consumaholics’ drive to the mall to buy a lot of that same stuff, just for the addictive (but short-lived) thrill of it.  Eventually they rent storage lockers to store much of it, after their spacious suburban homes and garages become too crowded with this very same stuff. 

 

But consider all the labor that's wasted in the production, distribution, marketing, sale, storage and finally disposal of all this stuff.  Then think of how much less we'd all have to work if the vast majority of us, by some miracle, became low-consumption ‘Buddhists’ or whatever, and were also given an opportunity to work efficiently and in a well-organized and cooperative way, on the production of basics, and had to work only as much as necessary, to produce just the basics that we wanted and needed. 

 

So, rather then be consumaholics whose ever increasing numbers are going to destroy the environment, why not learn to better appreciate literature, philosophy, politics, art, music, crafts, hobbies, conversation and the art of friendship & love?  Aren’t these things more important than gluttony and self indulgence at the mall?  The ‘planet,’ too, would be so much better off if most of us could make this transition.  But the truth is that most of us will never make this transition unless we have the kind of organizational opportunities outlined in my opening paragraphs. 

 

So what would be our main societal incentive for installing a government that would provide such opportunities?  By way of an answer, just realize how much less pollution there would be, and also how many fewer tons of greenhouse gas (primarily carbon dioxide) we would be dumping into the atmosphere each year if such opportunities were somehow arranged.  Realize that even if we had only followed Jimmy Carter’s conservation program laid out in 1979 www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/filmmore/ps_crisis.html, America never would have had to invade Iraq to gain control of its oil, because we would have never again needed any Mideast oil.  And think of how much wasted labor and resources – not to mention lives -- will be squandered on this $2 trillion war before we are finished.  http://www.guardian.co.uk/Iraq/Story/0,2763,1681119,00.html. 

Plus, think of how many fewer tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses we could have prevented from getting into the atmosphere just by avoiding this war! 

 1  |  2  |  3  |  4

 

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Several years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writing about that which interests me most.

 

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Concerned citizen and recently retired activist with an MA in Public Policy from an Ivy League school. Born-again Christian believer who is also a progressive and believs in the separation of church and state.
memaryConcerned citizen and recently retired activist with an MA in Public Policy from an Ivy League school. Born-again Christian believer who is also a progressive and believs in the separation of church and state.

Hyperconsumption

The incredible and wasteful consumption of some well to do folks never ceases to amaze me. I don't have a lot of money, do without a car most of the time and live in a small-ish rental apartment. Two of us and our pets manage to generate only 2 bags of garbage per week and the rest is recycle. We have plenty to eat, a subscription to netflix and satellite TV plus book club membership and plenty of hot water. It seems rather luxurious and comfortable to me but when I see how much the wealthy consume it is scary and amazing. It makes me anxious just thinking about keeping track of all that expensive stuff.

by memary (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 70 comments) on Tuesday, December 25, 2007 at 3:55:07 AM
 


Joel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the U.S. Congress and for the National Governors Association. He advocates a Second American Revolution, beginning with an Article V Convention to propose constitutional amendments. He is Chair of the Independent Party of Maryland.
Joel S. HirschhornJoel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the U.S. Congress and for the National Governors Association. He advocates a Second American Revolution, beginning with an Article V Convention to propose constitutional amendments. He is Chair of the Independent Party of Maryland.

The saddest thing of all

Is that obsessive consumers do not understand that their real political power is not their votes anymore but their discretionary spending.  Americans could get virtually any political action they wanted if they created spending boycotts.  Even very modest cuts in spending would drive the economy into the toilet, because close to 75% of the national economy is consumer spending.  That Americans are so compulsive, even to the point of creating lives of debt and financial insecurity, because they have been brainwashed very effectively by the world of advertising and marketing.

by Joel S. Hirschhorn (116 articles, 22 quicklinks, 51 diaries, 462 comments) on Tuesday, December 25, 2007 at 12:28:33 PM
 


Several years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Richard ClarkSeveral years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Clarification

 Folks, please check the new version of my article which I've just now substituted for the original.  And please don't miss the great excerpts from the Bill Moyers interview of political theorist Benjamin Barber at the end.  Barber has recently published a book the subject matter of which overlaps quite a bit with the subject matter in my article.  Also see the videoclip of Barber's Moyers interview.

 Also, I received an email from one of my readers re: this article and replied as follows to her various points:

<< You want to pay more $$$ to have Gov't control you? >>

Not at all. Let the outside capitalist economy continue just as before, but with a bit more regulation if possible.  However, within that economy, create another one, significantly smaller, for those who want to work less and consume less, yet have access to good housing, education and health care -- which they can all help produce.

<<< You want a lower life style? . . >>>

Not at all.  Same quality housing, health care and education as anyone else  might have.  Just more time for leisure activities as mentioned in my article.  And when we 20-hour a week folk want or need more than the basics, we'll get a temp job in the larger economy for a few months.

<<<  pay more for autos that do not hold up?, >>>

Not at all; I think you need to read the article again; I've rewritten it, and I'd like to know what you think about the new version.

<<< cause a recession? >>>

Just the opposite: what I'm proposing is guaranteed work for one and all, in the production of just the basics.

<<<  job loss, >>>

Just the opposite: MORE jobs.

<<< companies folding? >>>

Only the companies that depend on hiring people for minimum wage in order to survive -- and good riddance to them.

<<< with you paying for more control over your life. >>>

Sorry but I don't understand what you mean.

by Richard Clark (17 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 63 comments) on Tuesday, December 25, 2007 at 7:05:56 PM
 


Nobody special.
WatchingNobody special.

This is a consequence of our monetary system

This is what happens when you base your economy on debt money. As inflation continues to erode the value of the currency, you need to earn more of it to maintain your current lifestyle. Eventually the currency becomes so inflated that you and your spouse end up working 2 or 3 jobs each and are still unable to keep your heads above water. Resources and energy have to be expended in exponentially greater quantites to continue to make the payments on both government and personal debt. This is why the green movement is ultimately doomed to fail. If we stop exploiting our resources at an ever increasing pace, it will accelerate the collapse of the world's monetary systems which depend on continual economic growth to survive.

by Watching (0 articles, 1 quicklinks, 3 diaries, 314 comments) on Wednesday, December 26, 2007 at 12:34:33 PM
 


Concerned citizen and recently retired activist with an MA in Public Policy from an Ivy League school. Born-again Christian believer who is also a progressive and believs in the separation of church and state.
memaryConcerned citizen and recently retired activist with an MA in Public Policy from an Ivy League school. Born-again Christian believer who is also a progressive and believs in the separation of church and state.

So Let Them Collapse

I couldn't care less.  Money is irrelevent to people who have none.   Especially those of us who have learned to live with practically nothing...I'd just as soon live in a tent in the woods than continue on in a corrupt society like this one.

by memary (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 70 comments) on Wednesday, December 26, 2007 at 3:43:15 PM
 


Several years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Richard ClarkSeveral years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Synopsis of a NYT editorial by JARED DIAMOND

The average rates at which people consume resources like oil and metals, and produce wastes like plastics and greenhouse gases, are about 32 times higher in North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia than they are in the developing world.  Several decades ago, many people considered rising population to be the main challenge facing humanity.  But population size matters only to the extent that people consume and produce relatively superfluous products and services. 

 

If most of the world’s 6.5 billion people were eating only basic foods that they grew themselves, or otherwise harvested in a measured and sustainable way from their immediate environment, they would create no resource problem.  What really matters is total world consumption, the sum of all local consumptions, which is the product of local population times the local per capita consumption rate. 

 

The estimated one billion people who live in developed countries have a relative per capita consumption rate of 32, i.e. they consume 32 times as much as is consumed, on average, by the poorest 4 billion people in the world.  Most of the world’s other 5.5 billion people constitute the developing world, with relative per capita consumption rates below 32, mostly down toward 1. 

 

The population of the developing world is growing, and some people remain fixated on this.  They note that populations of countries like Kenya are growing rapidly, and they say that’s a big problem.  Yes, it is a problem for Kenya’s more than 30 million people, but it’s not a burden on the whole world, because Kenyans consume so little.  (Their relative per capita rate is 1.)  A much more important problem for the world is that each of us 300 million Americans consumes as much as 32 Kenyans.  With 10 times the population, the United States consumes 320 times more resources than Kenya does.

 

People in the third world are aware of this difference in per capita consumption.  When they believe their chances of catching up to be hopeless, they sometimes get frustrated and angry, and some become terrorists, or at least tolerate or support terrorists.  There will be more terrorist attacks against us and Europe, and perhaps against Japan and Australia, as long as that factorial difference of 32 in consumption rates persists.

  

2===================

  

Tens of millions of people in the developing world seek the first-world lifestyle on their own, by emigrating, especially to the United States and Western Europe, Japan and Australia.  Each such transfer of a person to a high-consumption country raises world consumption rates.

 

China has the world’s fastest growing economy, and there are 1.3 billion Chinese, four times the United States population.  The world is already running out of resources, and it will do so even sooner if China achieves American-level consumption rates.  Already, China is competing with us for oil and metals on world markets. 

 

China’s catching up would, alone, roughly double world consumption rates.  Oil consumption would increase by 106 percent, for instance, and world metal consumption by 94 percent. 

 

If India as well as China were to catch up, world consumption rates would triple.  If the whole developing world were suddenly to catch up, world rates would increase elevenfold.  It would be as if the world population ballooned to 72 billion people (retaining present consumption rates). 

 

Some optimists claim that we could support a world with nine billion people.  But I haven’t met anyone crazy enough to claim that we could support 72 billion.  Yet we often promise developing countries that if they will only adopt good policies — for example, institute honest government and a free-market economy — they, too, will be able to enjoy a first-world lifestyle.  This promise is impossible, a cruel hoax: we are having difficulty supporting a first-world lifestyle even now for only one billion people.

3=====================

  

The only approach that China and other developing countries will accept is to aim to make consumption rates and living standards more equal around the world.  But the world doesn’t have enough resources to allow for raising China’s consumption rates, let alone those of the rest of the world, to our levels.  Does this mean we’re headed for disaster?

 

No, we could have a stable outcome in which all countries converge on consumption rates considerably below the current highest levels.  Americans might object: there is no way we would sacrifice our living standards for the benefit of people in the rest of the world.  Nevertheless, whether we get there willingly or not, we shall soon have lower consumption rates, because our present rates are unsustainable. 

 

Real sacrifice wouldn’t be required, however, because living standards are not tightly coupled to consumption rates.  Much American consumption is wasteful and contributes little or nothing to quality of life.  For example, per capita oil consumption in Western Europe is about half of ours, yet Western Europe’s standard of living is higher by any reasonable criterion, including life expectancy, health, infant mortality, access to medical care, financial security after retirement, vacation time, quality of public schools and support for the arts.  Ask yourself whether Americans’ wasteful use of gasoline contributes positively to any of those measures. 

 Other aspects of our consumption are wasteful, too.  Most of the world’s fisheries are still operated non-sustainably, and many have already collapsed or fallen to low yields — even though we know how to manage them in such a way as to preserve the environment and the fish supply.  If we were to operate all fisheries sustainably, we could extract fish from the oceans at maximum historical rates and carry on indefinitely.   

The same is true of forests: we already know how to log them sustainably, and if we did so worldwide, we could extract enough timber to meet the world’s wood and paper needs.  Yet most forests are managed non-sustainably, with decreasing yields. 

 

Just as it is certain that within most of our lifetimes we’ll be consuming less than we do now, it is also certain that per capita consumption rates in many developing countries will one day be more nearly equal to ours.  These are desirable trends, not horrible prospects.  In fact, we already know how to encourage the trends; the main thing lacking has been political will. 

 

Fortunately, in the last year there have been encouraging signs.  Australia held a recent election in which a large majority of voters reversed the head-in-the-sand political course their government had followed for a decade; the new government immediately supported the Kyoto Protocol on cutting greenhouse gas emissions. 

 Also in the last year, concern about climate change has increased greatly in the United States.  Even in China, vigorous arguments about environmental policy are taking place, and public protests recently halted construction of a huge chemical plant near the center of Xiamen.  Hence I am cautiously optimistic.  The world has serious consumption problems, but we can solve them if we choose to do so.  

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/02/opinion/02diamond.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

by Richard Clark (17 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 63 comments) on Wednesday, January 2, 2008 at 2:08:49 PM
 


Several years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Richard ClarkSeveral years after receiving my M.A. in social science (interdisciplinary studies) I was an instructor at S.F. State University for a year, but then went back to designing automated machinery, and then tech writing, in Silicon Valley. I've always been more interested in political economics and what's going on behind the scenes in politics, than in mechanical engineering, and because of that I've rarely worked more than 6 months a year, devoting much of the rest of the year to reading and writ...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Ever more superfluity, ever more scarcity of basics for som

In our purposefully designed regime of artificially created scarcity for some, growing numbers of us can't afford a lot of things -- like good health care, a house of some given size, quality and location, and college education. Yet the total amount of the more superfluous kinds of stuff produced and sold keeps increasing, as does the average number of hours that most people must work in order to obtain some measure of basic goods and services. And that's a fundamentally absurd situation, no? --tragic too, since the portion of our air that consists of CO2, the main waste product of all the manufacturing that this production requires, is not only causing global warming, it is turning the oceans acidic as the CO2 turns into carbonic acid when it merges with sea water. In fact, about one-third of the carbon dioxide that goes into the Earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans. The absorbed CO2 produces carbonic acid. ...(which helps kill lots of sea life including coral reefs).

www.earthfiles.com/news.php?ID=1359&category=Environment

 

by Richard Clark (17 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 63 comments) on Wednesday, January 2, 2008 at 7:32:46 PM
 

 

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