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August 18, 2007 at 11:09:27
by Dana Gabriel Page 1 of 1 page(s) |
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Ever since aspartame was first approved in foods and carbonated beverages as a sweetener, there has been a fire storm of controversy surrounding it. Although the FDA claims that it is one of the safest and most thoroughly tested food additives ever approved, some believe it has many side effects. A recently released Italian study reaffirms their own research from 2005 that there is an increase in cancer risks associated with aspartame. With each study citing its dangers, there is one that counters its conclusions and states the opposite. The FDA is once again busy proclaiming that it is safe and that there is no link to cancer. Yet many well researched studies by respected individuals and institutions point to aspartame as the cause of toxic reactions and illnesses. Is this a case of the FDA covering up potential risks associated with aspartame to protect the profits of large corporations? This wouldn't be the first time they have put greed ahead of our health and safety. Despite the FDA's assurances, many are making a conscious effort to avoid it in their diet. This is being done without suggestions from their doctors or support from traditional medicine. In fact in some cases, it is the patients who are educating their own physicians to the potential risks associated with aspartame.
The approval of aspartame in foods in 1981 was done under questionable circumstances, with some in the FDA recommending that it not be approved. In 1996, one of the FDA's own toxicologists, Dr. Adrian Gross, warned of it's potential to cause brain tumors and cancer. If this admission is true, it would completely violate amendments, which forbid adding any substance to food that is cancer-causing. Aspartame is not so much an additive as it is a drug and it interacts with other drugs. Methanol or wood alcohol constitutes one third of the aspartame molecule and is classified as a severe metabolic poison or narcotic. Although possible side effects can be immediate, it has been called the silent slow killer because it appears to cause gradual damage over long term use. It has brought more complaints than any other additive, and in 1995 the FDA was forced to release a list of 92 possible symptoms related to aspartame intake.
It is entirely possible that aspartame is the cause of many diseases and mystery illnesses. It breaks down into a solution, and as a result is able to travel throughout the body and deposit with any tissue. Possible side effects vary from person to person because it is directly related to genetic individuality and physical weaknesses. Some researchers claim that it is responsible for the epidemic of diabetes and connected with the sharp increase in obesity. Other studies have found that it causes depletion of serotonin that can lead to behavioral and psychiatric problems. There have been numerous side effects linked to aspartame which include blindness, headaches, migraines, dizziness, sleeplessness, memory loss, buzzing or ringing sound, nausea, shortness of breath, and allergies. Some leading doctors and researchers have cited that it might trigger, mimic, and even cause diseases such as Lyme, Graves', Alzheimer's, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and others. It has also been linked to sever depression, birth defects, suicidal tendencies, aggressive behavior, hyperactivity in children, and death. Some say that aspartame is being used as a scapegoat to explain the cause of a wide number of ailments.
Leading Italian researcher Dr. Morando Soffritti concluded from his first study in 2005 that aspartame leads to higher rates of lymphoma and leukemia in rats. He found that aspartame consisting of two amino acids and a methanol binding agent caused the cancer. The FDA concluded after a review of the study that there was no data to support his claims. The European Food Safety Authority came to the same conclusions. Results of a second study through the Ramazzini Institute backed up the findings of the first one. It dealt with the negative health effects associated with low doses of aspartame that would be equivalent to the intake of diet drinks on a daily basis. Dr. Soffritti's second study also confirmed that it is carcinogenic.
Aspartame is now found in over 6000 products including soft drinks, gum, yogurt and many other sugar-free items. Personally, if I am going to have sugar, I prefer that it is in it's natural form. Often I find myself checking labels and ingredients, trying to stay away from aspartame. My experiences include getting bad headaches after drinking diet colas or chewing gum containing aspartame. Although I don't have any scientific proof that aspartame was the cause, that was enough for me to start avoiding it. My article is intended to serve more as a cautionary warning to aspartame's possible side effects. There are many different conflicting studies and it can be very confusing. Ultimately, we are left with the decision whom to believe and trust.
Many people now associate some of their health issues as a direct result of aspartame poisoning. Although I am not a doctor or a nutritionist, it only makes sense to keep ones diet simple and include plenty of raw, natural foods and to avoid artificial, refined, and prepared foods packed with preservatives. Even our fresh foods are contaminated with pesticides, hormones, and antibiotics. As consumers, we can dictate the market. For example, there has been an explosion in the availability of organic foods, which was a direct result of consumer demands. The British Supermarket Sainsbury's is in the process of banning artificial colors, flavors, and aspartame in their own brand foods and soft drinks. This is being done as a result of studies showing that this is what customers are demanding. The aspartame controversy isn't over, as some continue to claim that it is safe, while others warn of its dangers. In the end, the use of aspartame becomes a personal issue.
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Fibromyalgia
I have chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia-like symptoms that come and go. I associate the recurrance with Aspartame. by Laudyms (0 articles, 1142 quicklinks, 10 diaries, 708 comments [138 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Saturday, Aug 18, 2007 at 11:54:33 AM  (0+)
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13 mainstream research studies in 24 months showing aspartam
13 mainstream research studies in 24 months showing aspartame toxicity, also 3 relevant studies on methanol and formaldehyde: Murray 2007.08.17 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1464 resia.pretorius@up.ac.za,j.o.warner@imperial.ac.uk,tara.dean@port.ac.uk,jsteven@soton.ac.uk,crcfr@ramazzini.it,inchildh@otenet.gr,stsakir@cc.uoa.gr, biochem@paidon-agiasofia.gr,katalin_gombos@yahoo.com,niecl1022@ioz.ac.cn,step@sun5.ibp.ac.cn,liuy@moon.ibp.ac.cn,sperrett@ibp.ac.cn,herq@sun5.ibp.ac.cn, aritaven@yahoo.com.mx,w.g.mclean@liv.ac.uk,c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk,dom@liv.ac.uk,karenlau@liv.ac.uk, cogliano@iarc.fr,grosse@iarc.fr,baan@iarc.fr,straif@iarc.fr,secretan@iarc.fr,elghissassi@iarc.fr,cie@iarc.fr,chhabrar@niehs.nih.gov,john.cocker@hsl.gov.uk, dnc@mrc.soton.ac.uk,Rconolly@ciit.org,pdemers@unixg.ubc.ca,david.eastmond@ucr.edu,faustman@u.washington.edu,gerinm@ere.umontreal.ca, marcel.goldberg@st-maurice.inserm.fr,bdgold@pitt.edu,roland.grafstrom@imm.ki.se,johnni@cancer.dk,tjunghans@tech-res.com,dkrewski@uottawa.ca,cphra@uottawa.ca, solin@ilsi.org,martine.reynier@inrs.fr,yshaham@bezeqint.net,lstayner@uic.edu,wolf.doug@epa.gov, michael.shlipak@ucsf.edu,shlip@itsa.ucsf.edu,Melanie.Praught@med.va.gov, Aspartame toxicity was shown in thirteen detailed mainstream research studies in 24 months in work by expert teams in South Africa, England, Italy, Greece, Hungary, and Mexico. Very little has been publicized in mass print and broadcast media. Also highly relevant are a study in South Korea that finds levels of methanol similar to those from aspartame drinks cause the hangovers from alcohol drinks, a study in China on Alzheimer's type damage in nerve cells from low dose formaldehyde, and an IARC review by 25 experts that determines formaldehyde to be a human carcinogen. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print] Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain. Humphries P, Pretorius E, resia.pretorius@up.ac.za, Naudé H. [1] Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa [2] Department of Anatomy, University of the Limpopo, South Africa. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1463 Ultrastruct Pathol. 2007 Mar-Apr; 31(2): 77-83. Ultrastructural changes to rabbit fibrin and platelets due to aspartame. Pretorius E, Humphries P. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa. [ Humphries P also at Department of Anatomy, University of Limpopo. Medunsa Campus, Garankuwa. South Africa ] *Correspondence to E. Pretorius, BMW Building, PO Box 2034, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1452 www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/womenfamily.html?in_article_id=45\3431&in_page_id=1799 By UK Daily Mail Newspaper The proof food additives ARE as bad as we feared By SEAN POULTER Last updated at 09:53am on 18th May 2007 [ This team will publish their confirming study later in 2007. ] http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/89/6/506 Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004; 89(6): 506-511 Erratum in: Arch Dis Child. 2005 Aug; 90(8): 875. © 2004 BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food colourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general population sample of preschool children B Bateman 1, J O Warner 1, j.o.warner@imperial.ac.uk, E Hutchinson 3, T Dean 5, tara.dean@port.ac.uk, P Rowlandson 4, Dr. Piers Rolandson, Paediatric Tutor C Gant 5, J Grundy 5, C Fitzgerald 3 and J Stevenson 2 jsteven@soton.ac.uk, 1 Infection, Inflammation and Repair Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 2 Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 3 Department of Clinical Psychology, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK 4 Department of Paediatrics, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK 5 David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1461 www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10271/10271.pdf free full text 24 pages National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES Lifespan Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning During Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats doi:10.1289/ehp.10271 (available at http://dx.doi.org/) Online 13 June 2007 Morando Soffritti 1, Fiorella Belpoggi 1, Eva Tibaldi 1, Davide Degli Esposti 1, Michela Lauriola 1 1 Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bologna Italy Address of the institution: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences Castello di Bentivoglio, Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy +39 051 6640460 fax +39 051 6640223 crcfr@ramazzini.it, www.ramazzini.it Address correspondence to: M. Soffritti Acknowledgements: This research was supported entirely by the European Ramazzini Foundation Environmental Sciences. The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1441 click here Results of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassay on Sprague-Dawley Rats Exposed to Aspartame Administered in Feed Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2006 Sep; 1076: 559-577. Fiorella Belpoggi, Morando Soffritti, Michela Padovani, Davide Degli Esposti, Michelina Lauriola, and Franco Minardi. The end judges everything -- HERODOTUS (480-425 B.C.) The History Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences 'B. Ramazzini', 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1382 [ and, previously ] First experimental demonstration of the multipotential carcinogenic effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114: 379-385. PMID: 16507461 Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Degli Esposti D, Lambertini L, Tibaldi E, Rigano A. Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113, Number 11 November 2005 Current print issue The full version of this article is available for free in PDF format. http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2005/8711/8711.pdf 35 pages First Experimental Demonstration of the Multipotential Carcinogenic Effects of Aspartame Administered in the Feed to Sprague-Dawley Rats. Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Davide Degli Esposti, Luca Lambertini, Eva Tibaldi, and Anna Rigano. doi:10.1289/ehp.8711 (available at http://dx.doi.org/) Online 17 November 2005 The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services http://www.ehponline.org/ Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences Sofritti, M. et al. 2005. Aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats. Eur. J. Oncol. 2005; 10: 107-116. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1250 Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jun 16;[Epub ahead of print] The effect of aspartame metabolites on the suckling rat frontal cortex acetylcholinesterase. An in vitro study. Simintzi I, Schulpis KH, inchildh@otenet.gr, Angelogianni P, Liapi C, Tsakiris S. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr, Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, P.O. Box 65257, GR 15401 Athens, Greece. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1459 Toxicology. 2007 May 18; [Epub ahead of print] l-Cysteine and glutathione restore the reduction of rat hippocampal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity induced by aspartame metabolites. Simintzi I, Schulpis KH, Angelogianni P, Liapi C, Tsakiris S. Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, Athens University, P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1447 Pharmacol Res. 2007 May 13; [Epub ahead of print] The effect of aspartame on acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampal homogenates of suckling rats. Simintzi I, Schulpis KH, Angelogianni P, Liapi C, Tsakiris S. Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1444 Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec 14; [Epub ahead of print] The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolites in human erythrocyte [red blood cell] membrane. Schulpis KH, Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD. Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, GR-11527 Athens (Greece) +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111 inchildh@otenet.gr Papassotiriou I, biochem@paidon-agiasofia.gr, Tsakiris T, Tsakiris S. Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr, 1 Institute of Child Health, Research Center, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. ggbriass@med.uoc.gr ersi_voskaridou@yahoo.com mmoschov@med.uoa.gr siahanidou@hotmail.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1279 Pharmacol Res. 2005 Aug 26; [Epub ahead of print] The effect of aspartame metabolites on human [red blood cell] erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase activity. Tsakiris S, Giannoulia-Karantana A, Simintzi I, Schulpis KH. Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, P.O. Box 65257, GR-154 01 Athens, Greece. Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr, Giannoulia-Karantana A. First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Greece. Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD. Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, GR-11527 Athens (Greece) Tel. +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111 inchildh@otenet.gr [ Papoutsakis T. tina.papoutsakis@hua.gr, Papadopoulos G. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, 41221 Larisa, Greece papg@chem.auth.gr, ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1213 In Vivo. 2007 Jan-Feb; 21(1): 89-92. The effect of aspartame administration on oncogene and suppressor gene expressions. Gombos K, katalin_gombos@yahoo.com, Varjas T, Orsos Z, Polyak E, Peredi J, Varga Z, Nowrasteh G, Tettinger A, Mucsi G, Ember I. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1414 Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Aug; 25(8): 453-9. The effect of aspartame on rat brain xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Vences-Mejia A 1, Labra-Ruiz N 1, Hernandez-Martinez N 1, Dorado-Gonzalez V 1, Gomez-Garduno J 1, Perez-Lopez I 1, Nosti-Palacios R 1, Camacho Carranza R 2, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ 2. Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica, 1: Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Insurgentes Sur, 3700-C, 04530 Mexico, DF Mexico. 2: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México, D.F., México http://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/index.asp *Correspondence: JJ Espinosa-Aguirre, Instituto de Investigaciones Biome´dicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Me´xico, D.F., Me´xico Human & Experimental Toxicology (2006) 25(8): 453 - 459. www.sagepublications.com c 2006 SAGE Publications 10.1191/0960327106het646oa [ Dra. Araceli Vences M Jefa de Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica 6° P de Hospital Laboratorios 10 84 09 00 Ext.1410 -1448 aritaven@yahoo.com.mx, ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1373 Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):178-87. Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in a developmental neurotoxicity test. Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV. Developmental Toxicopathology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK. W. Graham McLean w.g.mclean@liv.ac.uk, C. V. Howard c.v.howard@liverpool.ac.uk, D. P. Williams dom@liv.ac.uk, 0151 794 5791 http://www.liv.ac.uk/ Miss. Karen Lau karenlau@liv.ac.uk, 0151 795 4223 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271 click here free full text 28 pages This Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Copyedited and fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon. Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau induced by formaldehyde promote apoptosis of neuronal cells BMC Neuroscience 2007 Jan 23, 8(1): 9 doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-9 Chunlai Nie niecl1022@ioz.ac.cn, Xing sheng Wang step@sun5.ibp.ac.cn, Ying Liu liuy@moon.ibp.ac.cn, Sarah Perrett sperrett@ibp.ac.cn, Rongqiao He herq@sun5.ibp.ac.cn, ISSN 1471-2202 Article type Research article Submission date 15 August 2006 Acceptance date 23 January 2007 Publication date 23 January 2007 Article URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/9 Chun Lai Nie 1,3, Xing Sheng Wang 1,3, Ying Liu 1, Sarah Perrett 2 and Rong Qiao He 1,3* 1 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China 2 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China 3 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China *Corresponding author http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1406 Addict Biol. 2005 Dec;10(4): 351-5. Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples during an experimentally induced alcohol hangover state. Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT, Kim DJ. Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/ sysop@catholic.ac.kr Songsin Campus: 02-740-9714 Songsim Campus: 02-2164-4116 Songeui Campus: 02-2164-4114 http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/sub055.htm eight hospitals http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1394 " Absorbed formaldehyde can be oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide or can be incorporated into biologic macromolecules. " [ References include: Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertini L, Lauriola M, Padovani M, Maltoni C. 2002. Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann NY Acad Sci 982: 87-105. Soffritti M, Maltoni C, Maffei F, Biagi R. 1989. Formaldehyde: an experimental multipotential carcinogen. Toxicol Ind Health 5:699-730. " Morando Soffritti is a member of the Working Group. ] http://www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7542/7542.html free full text After a thorough discussion of the epidemiologic, experimental, and other relevant data, the working group concluded that formaldehyde is carcinogenic to humans, based on sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals. In the epidemiologic studies, there was sufficient evidence that formaldehyde causes nasopharyngeal cancer, "strong but not sufficient" evidence of leukemia, and limited evidence of sinonasal cancer. The working group also concluded that 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans, each having limited evidence in experimental animals and inadequate evidence in humans. These three evaluations and the supporting data will be published as Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs. PMID: 16140628 Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9): 1205-8. Meeting report: summary of IARC monographs on formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol. Cogliano VJ, Vincent James Cogliano cogliano@iarc.fr, Grosse Y, Yann Grosse grosse@iarc.fr, Baan RA, Robert A. Baan baan@iarc.fr, Straif K, Kurt straif@iarc.fr, Secretan MB, Marie Béatrice Secretan secretan@iarc.fr, El Ghissassi F, Fatiha El Ghissassi elghissassi@iarc.fr, Working Group for Volume 88. IARC, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France Tel: +33 (0)4 72 73 84 85 - Fax: +33 (0)4 72 73 85 75 © IARC 2004 - All Rights Reserved http://monographs.iarc.fr cie@iarc.fr, Monographs Recently Published IARC Monographs Vol 88 Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol December 2006 478 pages ISBN 92 832 1288 6 US$ 40 This volume re-evaluates the available evidence on the carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde, a substance that is found in the workplace and in the environment. Formaldehyde is widely used in resins that bind wood products, pulp and paper; in glasswool and rockwool insulation; in plastics and coatings, textile finishing, chemical manufacture; and as a disinfectant and preservative. Also evaluated are two glycol ethers, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-ol, which are widely used as solvents in paints and paint thinners, coatings, glass and surface cleaners, inks, adhesives, personal-care products, and as chemical intermediates. As for formaldehyde, there is sufficient evidence in epidemiological studies for nasopharyngeal cancer, strong but not sufficient evidence for leukaemia, and limited evidence for sinonasal cancer. The extensive scientific database on the mechanisms by which formaldehyde can induce nasal-tract cancer in humans is considered. These data provide strong support for the empirical observation of nasopharyngeal cancer in humans. In contrast, the lack of information on possible mechanisms by which formaldehyde might increase the risk for leukaemia in humans tempered the interpretation of the epidemiological data on that cancer. Although this volume focuses on a qualitative assessment of the carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde, subsequent predictions of the risks for nasopharyngeal cancer should consider pertinent information on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including genotoxicity and dose-dependent cytoxicity. A theme common to the three evaluations is the consideration of mechanistic information to develop and evaluate hypotheses on the sequence of steps that lead to the induction of tumours in experimental animals. The hypothesized mechanisms described provide an interesting set of cases that range from a vast literature on respiratory tract tumours in rats induced by the inhalation of formaldehyde to some more tentative hypotheses on the various tumours observed in animals following exposure to both glycol ethers. Recurring issues were the criteria that characterize a rare tumour or how to introduce additional information to resolve difficult questions; for example, how to consider the results of historical controls. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. An international, interdisciplinary working group of expert scientists met in June 2004 to develop IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans (IARC Monographs) on formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol. Each IARC Monograph includes a critical review of the pertinent scientific literature and an evaluation of an agent's potential to cause cancer in humans. Key words: 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, carcinogen, formaldehyde, glycol ethers, hazard identification, IARC Monographs, leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer. Environ Health Perspect 113: 1205-1208 (2005) . doi:10.1289/ehp.7542 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 12 May 2005] Address correspondence to V.J. Cogliano, Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France. 33-4-72-73-84-76. fax 33-4-72-73-83-19 cogliano@iarc.fr, The Working Group for Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs includes: Ulrich Andrae (Germany) , andrae@gsf.de, Dr. Ulrich Andrae, GSF-Institut für Toxikologie,. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany Fax: 149-089-3187-3449 Sherwood Burge (UK), Rajendra S Chhabra (USA) , http://dir.niehs.nih.gov/dirtob/chhabra.htm chhabrar@niehs.nih.gov, General Toxicology Group, TOB, ETP, DIR John Cocker (UK) , Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, UK john.cocker@hsl.gov.uk, David N Coggon (UK) , MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit at the University of Southampton, UK dnc@mrc.soton.ac.uk, Rory Conolly (USA) , Rconolly@ciit.org, Senior Research Biologist, National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Paul Demers (Canada) , pdemers@unixg.ubc.ca, Occupational Hygiene Institute, University of British Columbia David A Eastmond (USA) , david.eastmond@ucr.edu, Enviromental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA 92521 (951) 827-4497 (Voice) (951) 827-3087 (Fax) Elaine Faustman (USA) , faustman@u.washington.edu, Professor, Env. and Occ. Health Sciences, Adjunct Professor, Evans School 206–685–2269 Victor J Feron (the Netherlands) , TNO Nutrition and Food Research (retired), The Netherlands TNO-CIVO TOXICOLOGY AND NUTRITION INSTITUTE Utrechtseweg 48 3704 HE Zeist The Netherlands (31)-3404 44 144 Michel Gérin (Canada, Chair) , gerinm@ere.umontreal.ca, Departement de medecine du travail et d'hygiene du milieu, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Marcel Goldberg (France) , marcel.goldberg@st-maurice.inserm.fr, France -- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM Unite 88, HNSM 14 Rue de Val d'Osne F-94410 St. Maurice France [33] 1-451-83859 [33] 1-451-83889 Departement Sante Travail, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94410 Saint Maurice, France Bernard D Goldstein (USA) , bdgold@pitt.edu, Director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Professor and Chair of the Department of Environmental and Community Medicine at UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. Dean's Office, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, A624 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Roland C Grafström (Sweden) , roland.grafstrom@imm.ki.se, Roland C Grafström, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S−17177 Stockholm, Sweden Telefax: +46–8−329402 Johnni Hansen (Denmark) , johnni@cancer.dk, PhD, Senior researcher, Danish Cancer Registry , Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. Michael Hauptmann (USA) , The National Cancer Institute Kathy Hughes (Canada) , Head, Existing Substances Section 1, Health Canada, Ted Junghans (USA) , tjunghans@tech-res.com, Technical Resources International, Inc., 6500 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 650, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA. Dan Krewski (Canada) , MHA, MSc, PhD dkrewski@uottawa.ca, Professor Director, R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Healt, 1 Stewart Street, Room 320, Phone: (613) 562-5381 Fax: (613)562-5380 Steve Olin (USA) , solin@ilsi.org, ILSI International Life Sciences Institute Martine Reynier (France) , martine.reynier@inrs.fr, Mme Martine REYNIER, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 30, rue Olivier Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14 (France) Tel : +33 (0)1 40 44 30 81 Fax : +33 (0)1 40 44 30 54 Judith Shaham (Israel) , yshaham@bezeqint.net, Occupational Cancer Department, National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Raanana, Israel. MD, Occupational Cancer Unit, Occupational Health & Rehabilitation Institute, P.O. Box 3, Raanana 43100, ISRAEL Morando Soffritti (Italy) , crcfr@ramazzini.it, European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences “B. Ramazzini”, Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Bologna, Italy Leslie Stayner (USA) , lstayner@uic.edu, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health (M/C 923), 1603 West Taylor Street, Room 971, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail: Patricia Stewart (USA) , National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, 165 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; fax (517) 432-2310 Douglas Wolf (USA) , wolf.doug@epa.gov, DVM, PhD, USEPA, (Toxicology) We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of the administrative staff of the IARC Monographs: S. Egraz, M. Lézère, J. Mitchell, and E. Perez. The IARC Monographs are supported, in part, by grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the European Commission, the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. Received 31 August 2004 ; accepted 12 May 2005. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1417 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1457 aspartame bans, tis more an avalanche than a trend...: Rich Murray 2007.08.17 [ see also: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1458 ASDA, Wal-Mart's UK supermarket chain, bans artificial colors, trans fats, MSG and aspartame, Marguerite Kelly, The Washington Post: Murray 2007.08.03 ] So far, USA print and broadcast media are deaf, blind, and dumb, regarding recent major bans of aspartame and MSG in the UK and EU. The EU Parliament voted July 12 to ban artificial sweeteners in newly born and infant foods. On May 15 four huge UK supermarket chains announced bans of aspartame and MSG, food dyes, and many additives to protect kids from ADHD -- Sainsbury, Tesco, Marks & Spencer, and ASDA, a unit of WalMart. May 31: Coca-Cola and the much larger Cargill Inc., after years of secret development, with 24 patents, will soon sell rebiana (stevia) in drinks and food in the many nations where it is approved as a sweetener -- for decades a major sweetener in Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Malasia, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Israel, and an approved supplement in USA, Australia, and Canada, according to Wikipedia. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1454 recent research and news re aspartame and stevia: Murray 2007.08.16 "Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority, to actively find, quickly share, and positively act upon the facts about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment." Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages group with 81 members, 1,464 posts in a public, searchable archive http://RMForAll.blogspot.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1395 Aspartame Controversy, in Wikipedia democratic encyclopedia, 72 references (including AspartameNM # 864 and 1173 by Murray, brief fair summary of much more research: Murray 2007.01.01 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1453 Souring on fake sugar (aspartame), Jennifer Couzin, Science 2007.07.06: 4 page letter to FDA from 12 eminent USA toxicologists re two Ramazzini Foundation cancer studies 2007.06.25: Murray 2007.07.18 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1451 Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose) and coloring agents will be banned from use in newly-born and baby foods, the European Parliament decided: Latvia ban in schools 2006: Murray 2007.07.12 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNMmessage/1437 stevia to be approved and cyclamates limited by Food Standards Australia New Zealand: JMC Geuns critiques of two recent stevia studies by Nunes: Murray 2007.05.29 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1427 more from The Independent, UK, Martin Hickman, re ASDA (unit of Wal-Mart Stores) and Marks & Spencer ban of aspartame, MSG, artificial chemical additives and dyes to prevent ADHD in kids: urray 2007.05.16 click here http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1426 ASDA (unit of Wal-Mart Stores WMT.N) and Marks & Spencer will join Tesco and also Sainsbury to ban and limit aspartame, MSG, artificial flavors dyes preservatives additives, trans fats, salt "nasties" to protect kids from ADHD: leading UK media: Murray 2007.05.15 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1438 Coca-Cola and Cargill Inc., after years of development, with 24 patents, will soon sell rebiana (stevia) in drinks and foods: Murray 2007.05.31 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// by Rich Murray (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 16 comments) on Saturday, Aug 18, 2007 at 11:59:05 AM (0+)
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Reply: Thanks for all the links.
This should further help in my research on aspartame. Thank you for all the links. by Dana Gabriel (67 articles, 0 quicklinks, 2 diaries, 13 comments [2 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Saturday, Aug 18, 2007 at 10:49:20 PM (0+)
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Rumsfeld was responsible
I won't touch Aspartame. I've been meaning to research it more deeply for years now, but I too am wary. My fears weren't helped when I read that Donald Rumsfeld was one of the main pushers to have Aspartame approved by the FDA despite contradictory safety test results. This was before he was a public figure. He was CEO at Searle, the company behind Aspartame. There is some info on the Rumsfeld connection at aspartamekills.com. Aspartame fears are considered an urban legend style myth according to Snopes.com and others. My personal intuition from observing the behavior of aspartame consumers is that they tend to behave like addicts. I have never seen a person who absolutely had to have his CocaCola each day, but I have seen many who do need their DietCoke almost like a junkie needs his fix. Sugar is bad for you in many ways. I try to limit my sugar intake, or at least stay aware of what I am doing to myself when I consume it. But I will still choose it over aspartame. I hope you research this more and report your conclusions here. It is a tough subject area, full of contradictory scientific claims. by Peter Dearman (10 articles, 32 quicklinks, 9 diaries, 144 comments [1 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Monday, Aug 20, 2007 at 11:53:24 PM (0+)
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another interesting link
Aspartame Comes From Augusta, Georgia Here are my FURL links on the subject. by Peter Dearman (10 articles, 32 quicklinks, 9 diaries, 144 comments [1 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Tuesday, Aug 21, 2007 at 12:03:53 AM (0+)
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Rumsfeld, 1977 CEO Searle Corp., got aspartame FDA approval
Rumsfeld, 1977 CEO Searle Corp., got aspartame FDA approval by Rich Murray (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 1 diaries, 16 comments) on Tuesday, Aug 21, 2007 at 10:10:09 AM (0+)
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I saw some side effects from heavy Aspartame use...
I was diagnosed with hypoglycemia in 1991 so I have had to watch my sugar intake since then. Aspartame was a large part of that. One of the things I eventually noticed was a severe reduction in short term memory. In turns out that this is a widely reported (but not widely publicized) side effect. I have since switched to Splenda as much as possible, but it is hard if you are avoiding sugar to completely avoid Aspartame. Not sure about the other side effects, but those were mine. I was a heavy, heavy Aspartame user for about 11 years. by Steven Leser (255 articles, 58 quicklinks, 38 diaries, 2147 comments [63 recommended, 2 rejected]) on Wednesday, Aug 22, 2007 at 8:27:47 AM (0+)
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I probably also have issues with fatigue as well, come to
think about it. Which is strange considering how many sports I play and how much I work out. by Steven Leser (255 articles, 58 quicklinks, 38 diaries, 2147 comments [63 recommended, 2 rejected]) on Wednesday, Aug 22, 2007 at 8:30:59 AM (0+)
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