Drought and Israeli Policy Threaten West Bank Water Security - by Stephen Lendman
Fresh water is precious everywhere but especially in one of the driest, hottest places on earth - the Middle East. It's why it's a strategic resource and the reason countries like Israel do everything possible to secure a reliable supply. In the words of former prime minister Moshe Sharett: "Water to us is life itself." It shapes Israeli policy going back to the early Mandate period.
A Brief History
Post-WW I, Zionists wanted Sykes-Picot borders altered to include the Jordan River, Lower Litani, east coast of the Sea of Galilee and Lower Yarmouk headwaters and tributaries. These affect Palestine, southern Lebanon, Syria and the Jordan Valley. Efforts to secure them fell short because French opposition blocked them. But it didn't prevent further regional hydrological studies. They were needed because by WW II's end accommodating a growing Palestinian and Jewish population grew acute.
Israel's "War of Independence" followed in 1947-48. It assured water sovereignty as well. Israel was free to act unilaterally - to tap and develop all available resources plus whatever it could seize later on. They'd be needed after Israel's 1950 Law of Return was passed. It granted Jews worldwide special rights - to emigrate freely and become citizens of the land of Israel. It brought in waves of new immigrants requiring considerable water resources for them, but Israel's supply was inadequate. At the time, four states shared the Jordan-Yarmouk watershed. Developing it was essential. Each had growing needs so securing a dependable supply was vital.
Several regional water-sharing proposals failed in part because Israel linked them to recognizing the Jewish state. It also rejected solutions not in its strategic interest and acted unilaterally instead. Take its National Water Carrier project. Construction began in the late 1950s and early 1960s and became the country's largest water project - to transfer Sea of Galilee northern water to highly populated areas in the center and south and to facilitate efficient water use. To neighboring Arab states, however, it was a hostile act, and they responded with their own diversion plans. Israel viewed them as a national security threat.
Confrontation followed. The National Water Carrier was targeted. Israel retaliated against Syrian construction sites. Skirmishes broke out, and the 1967 war resulted. Officially it began on June 5, 1967. Others, including Ariel Sharon, said it started two and a half years earlier when Israel acted against diverting the Jordan River. Earlier, Ben-Gurion warned that Jews and Arabs would battle over strategic water resources and determine Palestine's fate. Its people as well. Aside from other strategic aims for land and regional control, Israel secured water rich lands in southern Lebanon, Jordan, the Golan, and West Bank.
It fully exploited them and is a key reason why the Golan was never returned. West Bank water is another issue. It has three principle aquifers supplying about one-quarter of Israel's needs, including for its settlements and nearly all of what West Bank Palestinians get. They are:
-- the Yarkon-Tanninim Aquifer supplying Israel with about 340 million cubic meters (mcm) of water annually - to Jerusalem and Tel Aviv mainly; Palestinians get far less - about 20 mcm a year;
-- the Nablus-Gilboa Aquifer supplying about 115 mcm annually, largely for agricultural irrigation in Galilee-based kibbutzim and moshavim cooperative settlements;
-- the Eastern Aquifer supplying about 40 mcm a year to Jordan Valley-based settlements; another 60 mcm go to Palestinians.
Water also comes from the upper Jordan River and its tributaries - the Sea of Galilee, the Yarmouth, and lower Jordan River. Palestinians are denied most of it. As their population grows, shortages have become more acute because of Israel's restrictive policies.
Israel's Water Policy in the Territories
The policy works this way - to preserve an unequal division of western, eastern, and northern West Bank aquifer supply. It was the same for Gaza's aquifer prior to disengagement. The result is a hugely disproportionate distribution policy causing growing shortages for Palestinians. Israel does little to alleviate it. It invests little in infrastructure leaving 20% of West Bank Palestinians unconnected to a running-water system:
-- around 227,000 in 220 West Bank towns and villages;
I am a 72 year old, retired, progressive small businessman concerned about all the major national and world issues, committed to speak out and write about them.
The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of this website or its editors.
cannot supply drinking water on a regulaar basis because of its poor quality and horrible side products. The atmospheric condensers are the answer and there are excellent works in that area in Arabic Emirates, etc.
Israelis though prefer as Mr. Lendman says rightfully- the lucrative private deals. But... I was in Israel ( see my report ' Israel- a haunted land') and I have to say that a) I would say that Jews in Israel are not ' bathing' in water also and b Saudi Princes regularly involve their money to build mosques in the Arab villages but not much into infrastructure ( and they surely could). Like for Gaza they could if they wanted just make it a Paradise if they invested at least something..
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Mark Sashine (72 articles, 19 quicklinks, 269 diaries, 4101 comments [131 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Wednesday, Jul 16, 2008 at 8:46:43 AM
If the United States Really wanted Peace, it would put together a coalition force like it did when Iraq invaded Kuwait. This force should then be used to force the Israeli invaders back to the International boundaries originally given to it by the United Nations. If Israel then continues to violate International Laws or United National resolutions, the Palestine land which was taken to create Israel will be reclaimed by Palestine, the same as the land given to Nazi Germany was reclaimed by Czechoslovakia. In all cases the Palestine People will retain their right of return.
100% Citizen of the United States of America
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Anton Grambihler (1 articles, 0 quicklinks, 4 diaries, 314 comments [7 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Wednesday, Jul 16, 2008 at 10:01:01 PM
Why didn't the United Nations member states insist that the USA end her preemptive war in Iraq? Don't the Iraqis deserve reparations?
The United Nations rewards naked aggression.
In 2006 Palestinians invaded Israel, took at least one soldier captive and bombarded our border towns killing civilians. If the US launched an illegal preemptive war, the Palestinians did likewise.
By right the UN should have made every effort to repel both invaders. The UN failed.
Nowadays, many Americans profess shock at rising fuel, medical and food costs. They moan about becoming jobless and homeless. They cower from the wildfires, toronados, floods, blizzards and hurricanes that beset them.
In a similar fashion, the Palestinians complain of power, food and water shortages. They too lack jobs, infrastructure and proper social services.
The aggressors expected a candy from the UN and they got it.
They forgot that God does not grant murderers a fast track to heaven. God punishes assassins. Hasn't anyone informed human beings of that?
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Jason Paz (68 articles, 88 quicklinks, 112 diaries, 1386 comments [97 recommended, 1 rejected]) on Tuesday, Jul 22, 2008 at 1:50:19 AM
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