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November 21, 2008 at 16:54:36

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Another Attempted Reenactment of the Death of JFK

by Jim Fetzer     Page 1 of 2 page(s)

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David W. Mantik, M.D., Ph.D., and James H. Fetzer, Ph.D.

On Sunday, November 16, 2008, the Discovery Channel broadcast a documentary entitled, "JFK: Inside the Target Car.  The protagonists include Gary Mack, Curator of The Sixth Floor Museum, Adelaide T&E Systems, two JFK witnesses, two forensic experts, and a marksman (Michael Yardley).  The evidence the program purported to analyze included five possible shot locations and blood spatter patterns, which were alleged to support the official Warren Commission opinion that Lee Oswald was the lone shooter and fired from the sixth floor of The Texas School Book Depository.  Careful consideration of what was actually shown, however, suggests that this demonstration falls far short of its intended objective.

The study was based upon a set of assumptions, namely: that a single shot hit JFK in the head; this shot struck at Zapruder frame 313; that the limousine was traveling at 7-8.5 mph at that instant; this shot entered at the posterior head site selected by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (1979), not the site--four inches lower-- identified by THE WARREN COMMISSION REPORT (1964); that the Zapruder film has not been altered; that the only sites that deserved to be tested by firing test shots were the grassy knoll and the sixth floor window.  Studies published in DEATH IN DEALEY PLAZA (2000) and THE GREAT ZAPRUDER FILM HOAX (2003), however, suggest that most of them are false.

Another set of possibilities lay beyond the domain of this experiment, namely:  a head shot from anywhere else (three specific possibilities having been excluded from further consideration); any other shots to JFK's body or to John Connally; any shots that missed (apart from the grassy knoll shot); a second head shot; or other evidence, including medical studies of the X-rays and the autopsy record, from other witnesses, no matter how expert, or from multiple other sources, such as those documented in ASSASSINATION SCIENCE (1998) or the books previously cited here.



The conclusions that were supported by the documentary included that JFK was hit only once in the head (from the rear), this shot came from the sixth floor window, that Oswald fired this shot, and that the Warren Commission got it right.  It excluded any consideration of the fact that JFK was killed by the impact of high-velocity bullets, while the Mannlicher-Carcano that Oswald is alleged to have used is not a high-velocity weapon; that co-workers placed Oswald at or near the first floor at 11:50 AM, at Noon, at 12:15 PM, and as late as 12:25 PM, before the shooting took place at 12:30 PM; and that Marion Bakker, a motorcycle patrolman, confronted Oswald in the lunchroom within 90 seconds of the shooting and held him in his sites until Roy Truly, Oswald's supervisor, assured him that Oswald belonged there (MURDER IN DEALEY PLAZA).

The narrator begins by implying that the program will prove that the Warren Commission was correct, namely, that a lone gunman did it, with the clear insinuation that Oswald was the man. Of course, that is logically impossible: Oswald was not firing at the test site. No shooting at a range could ever determine who fired at JFK. The most that this experiment could justifiably claim instead is the simple one that the blood spatter pattern matched a posterior head shot. Hardly any serious critic of the WC would disagree with this conclusion--on the assumption that the blood spray is authentic--especially no one who has examined JFK's skull X-rays. Once this claim is accepted, the program can only follow a downhill trajectory, which it promptly proceeds to do.

Mack and Michael Yardley, the designated marksman, first inspect three possible sites in Dealey Plaza for frontal gunmen. The grassy knoll on the south side was ruled out because only two to three inches of JFK's head were visible above the windshield. They had previously positioned a similar vehicle with riders at the supposed kill site on Elm Street. The south side of the overpass was next eliminated because a shot from there would have pierced the windshield. But that multiple eyewitnesses reported that the windshield had been completely pierced or the Ford Motor Company employee who said he received the windshield at the Ford plant with just such a hole is not mentioned (MURDER IN DEALEY PLAZA).

The north side of the overpass--the same side as the traditional grassy knoll--moreover, was greeted with genuine interest by the marksman: "Not a difficult shot. I would keep an open mind on this position." Mack's solitary objection to this site was that nearby witnesses should have heard such a shot.  So no test shots were fired from any of the first three potential locations they jointly considered.

Under Mack's guidance, a stationary limousine mock-up was positioned on a shooting range in Sylmar, CA, to match the conditions of Elm Street.  Even a huge fan was employed to simulate a 25 mph breeze. This was intended to take into account a head wind of 15-20 mph, superimposed on a limousine speed of 7-8.5 mph. The dummy was inserted to mimic JFK's position and orientation. For the traditional grassy knoll shot (while in Dealey Plaza), Yardley had noted that it was a possible shot and that there was just enough time to track the limousine.

At the Sylmar range, Yardley fired two shots, the first with a Winchester(soft point round). This bullet exploded the entire skull. By contrast, a Mannlicher-Carcano bullet (full metal jacket) created a large exit hole on the left side of the skull, leaving the rest of the skull largely intact. The program notes that Jackie would have been struck by such a bullet. They conclude, therefore, that no grassy knoll shot was fired.  Toward the end of the program, however, Mack allows the possibility that no shot had been fired--unless it had missed!

For the posterior head shot, Mack marked the target site on the skull. Oddly enough, despite all of the homage paid to the Warren Commission throughout the show, Mack did not choose the Warren Commission site. Instead he chose the site selected by the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA), which is much higher. This higher site was adamantly denounced by the pathologists. But no one on the program commented on either of these paradoxes.

The simulated posterior shot blows off the top right of the skull and widely scatters debris. Some even falls on the front of the windshield and a large chunk falls on the trunk. Simulated brain seems to scatter widely around the limousine interior, though little was apparent on the inside of the right rear door or on the back of the right front seat--the two sites that the show had emphasized as prominent blood scatter sites in real limousine. Of course, no one notices that the head snap--back and to the left, a striking feature of the Zapruder film--is absent at the shooting range, even though this was supposed to be the best model used to date.

Two JFK witnesses who had observed the actual limousine viewed this test evidence (in photographs) and agreed that the spatter pattern matched what they had seen on November 22, 1963. It would have been admirable if they had first been shown a wrong blood spatter pattern, just to see how flexible they were; curiously, the experiment shows debris going in nearly all directions.  It is therefore not at all clear just what a wrong pattern would look like. Photos of the limousine in the garage in Washington, DC, just after midnight, were also shown. Blood stains were chiefly seen on the seat and the narrator admits that blood spatter evidence is hard to see in these images.  This means that the two eye witnesses now become the key argument of the entire program. If their recollections are wrong, the entire argument collapses.

Two forensic experts are then invited to view the simulated blood spatter evidence in the mock-up. During the interval while they agree that the spatter pattern indicates a shot from the rear, the graphics shown extends a trajectory to an image of the sixth floor window--even though the experts in fact said nothing about this. The experts then identify a hole in the dashboard, in front of the driver's seat--a bullet would have had to have passed through the body of the driver, but no one comments on this. Likewise, no one asks about the appearance of the bullet after the shooting.

The forensic experts then suggest that the bullet's path could, in principle, be traced backward in a straight line through this dashboard hole and the entry in JFK's head. The trajectory would have been different for the actual Warren Commission entry site, namely, the one that Mack did not choose to use, another crucial point that was left unsaid. And no one considered whether the bullet might have been diverted from a straight line by its impact with the skull. Mack then asks if they could reach this same conclusion without the hole in the dashboard. The experts merely reply that the forward scattering of debris is consistent with a shot from the rear.

Neither of them ever mentions the sixth floor window, or Oswald for that matter, despite the overlying graphics. The narrator concludes that the Warren Commission was right all along--it was Oswald from the sixth floor window. This implication recurs with clocklike precision throughout the program--remarkably, even before the experiment is shown! Mack's final comment, though, was a surprising hedge: "The shot that killed President Kennedy did come from behind and apparently from the sixth floor window".  He then adds a totally gratuitous comment that does not follow from this specific experiment at all: "I haven't seen anything that counters the official story--that Kennedy was shot from behind from above."

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www.d.umn.edu/~jfetzer/

McKnight Professor Emeritus, University of Minnesota, Duluth; Founder, Scholars for 9/11 Truth; Editor, Assassination Research.

The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author
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3 comments


They will never stop trying

Just common sense:

I've been to the "lair" and looked out the window, at The Spot. It is a very hard shot that forces the shooter to lean out of the window and aim at a very acute angle down the street, as the motorcade had already passed 40 yards or so down the street. Why shoot then and not earlier? When he could have done it when the shot was closer and much easier, and he could have stayed fully inside the dark window without having to expose himself that way? It makes no sense. Nor does the Oswald single-shooter theory.

It does make sense, however, to keep up the lie as long as possible. Even if everyone who was involved in the conspiracy is dead, it still makes sense... Because admitting that something so monstrous could have happened in our country, leads to other questions... Pointing to the possibility of other conspiracies, regarding other Earth-shaking events such as 9/11 .

No... They can never afford to let the truth about JFK's assassination out. It is too "dangerous". It could destroy what little trust in the government may remain; it forces too many people to re-evaluate their beliefs, and it exposes the possibility that we are not really in control of anything in this country.

by Steve Windisch (jibbguy) (17 articles, 0 quicklinks, 4 diaries, 360 comments [54 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Friday, Nov 21, 2008 at 5:25:16 PM

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Public opinion management 101

A brief history of presidential commissions

The president periodically exercises executive authority to commission "independent" investigations into significant events of domestic concern.

An overview of several such commissions, The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission) being the most recent, reveals a pattern and process that consistently achieves the same result.

1. An event occurs.

2. The public demands an inquiry.

3. In response to public demand, the president appoints a commissioner to investigate and the commissioner chooses a staff.

4. Throughout the lifetime of the commission, corporate media helps create an impression that the investigation is independent.

5. The commission issues subpoenas, takes testimony and generates headlines.

6. A huge body of evidence accumulates while many possible avenues of investigation are not considered by the commission.

7. The commission then reviews the evidence it chose to consider, arrives at conclusions, makes recommendations and publishe them in a final report.

8. Most people are satisfied with commission conclusions and recommendations while a minority is outspokenly dissatisfied with the commission’s conslusions/ recommendations.

9. The final report becomes government’s final word, the case officially closes and the event becomes buried in history; life goes on.

The Roberts Commission

On January 23, 1942, FDR appointed Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts to head a commission to investigate events that led to the "surprise" attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941.

The Roberts Commission concluded that neither Pacific Fleet Commander Admiral Husband Kimmel or his subordinate commanders were at fault for not being prepared to defend against the Japanese air attack that day.

The commission did not publicly consider the myriad of political and economic pressures FDR placed on Japan prior to the attack. In the months preceding Dec., 1941, FDR was politically provoking Japan into attacking U.S. interests while Japan was doing everything in its diplomatic power to avoid war with the U.S.

As late as October, 1941, Japanese diplomats had travelled to Washington, D.C., in an attempt to reconcile these issues.

Since the publishing of the Robert’s Commission Report and the end of WWII, documents have been declassified and witnesses have come forward. It is now known that FDR had prior knowledge of the attack and chose not to inform Pacific fleet commanders of the plan to attack their command.

The attack on Pearl Harbor resulted in an immediate declaration of war on Japan and, two days later, FDR implicated the Nazis in the attack and declared war on Germany.

Americans, who had re-elected FDR in 1940, largely based on his promise to avoid involving the U.S. in another European war, were suddenly ready to fight the Germans and the Japanese.

The Warren Commission

On November 29, 1963, LBJ appointed U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren to chair the commission which would investigatethe assassination of JFK. The Warren Commission concluded that President

Kennedy was killed by communist sympathizer Lee Harvey Oswald and there was no conspiracy involved (either foreign or domestic).

The Warren Commission also concluded that Oswald fired three shots from his position behind the president’s motorcade through a sixth-story window at the book depository building. According to the Warren Commission, one shot missed, one struck the president in the back of the head and the third shot, a "magic bullet," entered below JFK’s collar, exited his throat, took a left hand-turn, hit Texas Governor John Connelly in the right shoulder, continued on to shatter his right wrist and changed directions one last time to lodge in his left thigh.

This conclusion defies common sense, the laws of natural science, basic ballistics, witness accounts, expert testimony, forensic evidence and film footage taken immediately before, during and after the event. Since the movie JFK was released in 1994, most Americans no longer believe in the Warren Commission’s "lone-nut/magic-bullet" theory.

Warren Commission members Sen. Arlen Spector (R-Penn.) is still in the Senate and Sen. Gerald Ford (R-Mich.) became president.

Iran/Contra

The Iran/Contra scandal surfaced October 5, 1986, when a U.S. cargo plane was shot down over southern Nicaragua. Two crew members died but CIA operative Eugene Hasenfus was captured by the Sandinista army. Hasenfus’ capture set in motion what we know today as the Iran/Contra scandal.

Eight different investigations uncovered a bizarre web of intrigue among State Department officials, members of Congress, known drug traffickers, international arms dealers, mercenaries and military intelligence. Revealed was a botched attempt on the part of the Reagan administration to secure the release of U.S. prisoners held in Lebanon by supplying arms to Iranians at war with Iraq while raising money to support Contras attempting to overthrow the socialist Sandanista government in Nicaragua.

The first Iran/Contra investigation was led by former U.S. Senator John Tower who was appointed by President Reagan. The Tower  Commission’s final report of February 26, 1987, criticized President Reagan for improperly managing the affairs of state but barely scratched the surface of the scandal.

Congress began televising hearings for its own investigation on May 5, 1987. Out of the hearings came several indictments (which centered on lying to Congress and destroying evidence) and a few convictions, most of which were quietly overturned on appeal.

Later investigations revealed the large-scale trafficking of cocaine conducted with the assistance of the CIA. A few scapegoats were convicted and sent to prison.

The real scandal has never been acknowledged by the government: Tons of Contra cocaine was smuggled into this country, fueling the crack cocaine epidemic of the 80s.

The Starr Commission

Independent Prosecutor Kenneth Starr led the investigation into the activities of former governor and sitting President Bill Clinton. Starr’s commission led to the impeachment (but not conviction) of Clinton.

Though public perception was that Starr was independently investigating the president for a myriad of personal, professional and public transgressions, hindsight shows that Starr was prosecuting smoke screens— Clinton’s sexual escapades and the Whitewater land investment scam.

The investigation, which lasted nearly two years and cost some $49 million, resulted in a few convictions and Clinton’s disbarment. Not investigated was Clinton’s role in Iran/ Contra (Mena, Arkansas, was the central smuggling point for Contra cocaine while he was governor); not investigated was his relationship with known drug traffickers; not investigated were the deaths of some 60 people close to him, including White House Chief Counsel Vince Foster.

Conclusions

Each of these federally-commissioned investigations resulted in the publishing of reports meant to be the government’s final word on the events investigated. Each commission avoided legitimate avenues of inquiry that would likely reveal high-level incompetence or complicity. If no one questions the deficiencies when they are published, posterity will regard them as history.

The American public has demonstrated repeatedly, a remarkable willingness to lend legitimacy to sham/mock investigations that are infected with political conflicts of interest and cronyism, corrupted processes and pre-ordained outcomes.

In example after example, high-level and official investigations are conducted into crimes of stunning consequence as little more than child's games, and the pursuit of dark, hidden agendas will continue.

The attacks of 911 was the new benchmark - the die has been cast. Expect more.

by Michael McCoy (7 articles, 1 quicklinks, 2 diaries, 487 comments [26 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Saturday, Nov 22, 2008 at 4:27:33 AM

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Reply: Facts

"FDR implicated the Nazi's in the attack and declared war on Germany"

I think you will find that FDR's Address to Congress on 11 Dec 1941 included the words

"On the morning of 11 Dec the Government of Germany, pursuing its course of conquest, declared war against the United States"

click here

by sliphoch (0 articles, 1 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 110 comments [2 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Saturday, Nov 22, 2008 at 7:07:12 PM

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