American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass, by Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton (1998)*

This book is more painful to read than Eichmann in Jerusalem, Germinal, or the pornographic The Rehnquist Choice by John Dean. But everyone should try. It describes how white Americans kept their residential neighborhoods white, between about 1920 to 1998. Initially, by simply murdering African-Americans trying to move in. Then for decades, with restrictive deed covenants, enforced in fact by white communities long after the Supreme Court declared them unconstitutional in law. More recently, with loan institution red-lining, and low-income public housing under-funding and rip-offs. And most recently, with pervasive real estate agent ruses, misdirection, and discouragement.**

Now, even more than in 1998, this history of how white neighborhoods in America have stayed white needs to be widely known and understood.

Then, the book defines "apartheid" rigorously and identifies it in sixteen urban areas in America, urban areas containing a substantial percentage of all African-Americans. Finally, the book looks at the living conditions of the most isolated, homeless and hopeless, drug-and-violence-obsessed African-Americans, and identifies apartheid as a cause, if not the cause, of these conditions.

Block in North Philly, by eTombetron (2006)

John Dean's most popular book, The Rehnquist Choice, recounted how Nixon in the early 1970's required his three Supreme Court appointees, the most important of whom was later-Chief-Justice William Rehnquist, to be "right" on the race-residential question and, essentially, to look with disfavor on federal efforts to enforce the Fair Housing Act with respect to single-family homes. Consequently, American residential neighborhoods -- already less integrated in 1970 than in 1920 -- were less integrated in 1998 than in 1970.

Now, American residential neighborhoods are less integrated than they were in 1998.

Between 1920 and 1970 the racial prejudice of individuals probably could be blamed for American Apartheid. In the thirty-nine years since Rehnquist commenced to "put his stamp" on the United States Supreme Court, it's been the institutionalized insanity of our electoral system and its deformed progenies, based on money and gerrymandering undisturbed by Court rulings, that get the credit.

*From the Merriam-Webster online dictionary:

"Apartheid":

Function: noun

Etymology: Afrikaans, from apart apart + -heid hood

Date: 1947

1 : racial segregation; specifically : a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa

2 : separation, segregation apartheid> apartheid>

**From Wikipedia, on 08.15.009:

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