[Franklin Lamb emailed an updated version of his article from Syria "How Two Sisters, Ten Year Old Ghina and 8 Year Old Nagham, Survived Three Sniper Bullets in Syria"]

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[Editor's note: Franklin Lamb emailed this updated version of his article from Syria]

How Two Sisters, Ten Year Old Ghina and 8 Year Old Nagham, Survived Three Sniper Bullets in Syria.

Written by Franklin Lamb, Children's Orthopedics Ward, Al-Mouwasat Hospital, Damascus, Syria, September 2, 2016.

It was about 11 in the morning on Tuesday August 2, 2016 when two sisters, ten year-old Ghina and her eight year-old younger sister Nagham were walking a short distance from their home in the town of Madaya to its "field hospital" in order to acquire serum for their anemic mother Sahar whose body was very deficient in calcium because of 18 months existence with very little food. Sahar explained to this observer a couple of days ago that she and her four babies, lived at times with nothing more than a watery soup made of grass, or sometimes black peppers, but most often made from the pink and white flowers of thistle plants she gathered from a nearby field.

For more than a year, after having fled from their own Sunni village of Zabadani due to fighting, the family has been living in surrounded Madaya, a mountain town of 40,000, now with four times its pre-war population, about 30 minutes northwest of Damascus. Military forces encircled Madaya in July of 2015 as part of a broader offensive to recapture the nearby Qalmoun Mountain villages and the town of Zabadani, held by rebels since 2012. Residents of Madaya have been trapped ever since.

Having made their medicine purchase, the girls started their short 60 yard walk home. A claimed eye-witness says that a sniper near al -Asali checkpoint took aim and fired at the youngsters. One explode-on-impact bullet entered Ghina's upper-left thigh, shattering her leg bone and thigh.

For an instant, not realizing what had happened, Ghina's younger sister 8 year old Nagham, noticing that Ghina had dropped the small plastic medicine bag to be given to their mother at home, instinctively picked it up and began to scold her big sister for dropping it. The little heroine, by now instantly covered in her sister's blood, tried to pull badly bleeding and screaming Ghina off the road to a secure location...the roadside ditch. The sniper took aim a second time. This time, shrapnel from the bullet struck Nagham's right arm and hand. The two young girls lay on the side of the road until minutes later passersby were able to pull them out of the line of fire and transport them to the towns nearby "field hospital".

Over the past year, snipers have killed seven people in Madaya, according to a report published on 7/13/2016 by Physicians for Human Rights, a US-based organization that has provided medical assistance to thousands in Syria since the civil war erupted in March of 2011. The PHR findings were confirmed in a separate Report from the Madaya Medical Commission published on 7/23/2016. The following week, snipers shot and wounded three more people, a Madaya resident reported last week by telephone to a relative of the girl's family.

The sniping of civilians continues until today in Madaya as some try to escape the siege imposed on their town. So also do deaths mount from the approximately 6,000 additional landmines recently placed around the southern and eastern sides of the town, by militia in order to further imprison residents inside.

Such indiscriminate use of landmines violates international humanitarian law and, as with sniping civilians, constitutes a punishable war crime once the conflict ends and hopefully the global community insists on full accountability under the law for all who have targeted the people of Syria.

Several dozen people have also died from starvation in Madaya, despite surrendering in exchange for relief from the siege. With almost nothing and no one allowed in or out, the town continues slowly dying from the inside.

At Malaya's "field hospital" whose medical staff consists of two heroic dental students and an animal veterinarian, Ghina was diagnosed with a displaced fracture, a badly shattered leg bone and a severed nerve in her upper left thigh.

Before long, Ghina's leg and thigh became badly infected and a tentative decision was taken to amputate it. As one of the MDs reported at the time via "What'sUP" to medical colleagues abroad, Madaya's health workers today are only able to perform emergency surgery, mainly amputations.

As Dr. Darwish, a dentistry student and one of three health professional still in Madaya insisted, they did not have the equipment or the training to repair the damage to Ghina's leg and thigh or most other serious injuries brought to the "Field Hospital." However, amputation of Ghina's leg was something they could perform.

Dr. Darwish further explained in a follow up email: "Franklin, if a situation requires major surgery, there's nothing that we can do about it. Recently a baby girl died after her delivery because we don't have neonatal incubators. That wasn't the first time, and it certainly won't be the last as long as we continue to lack the proper medical equipment. Too many children have died here in Madaya for this reason...we don't have the training, and we don't have the expertise. We're out of our depth. We can sort of perform C-sections, natural births and amputation operations, but that's it. We try to treat sick people that come our way, but with our limited training, many times it's just not possible. If a situation requires major surgery, there's nothing that we can do. One time, there were three children who were injured by a landmine. They were rushed to the hospital, but we just stood there staring. When it comes to these situations, we're normal people; we aren't trained doctors. The children died before our very eyes that day, and there was not a single thing that we could do except pray."

Madaya's severely wounded, like Ghina, have only one way to get out of the besieged town and thru the 65 checkpoints, countless landmines and snipers, and to receive the lifesaving treatment they need. It is through a painstakingly negotiated reciprocal agreement between rebel and regime forces, brokered by Iran and the United Nations last year. In theory it provides for the evacuation of some wounded people from Sunni Madaya in exchange for a parallel evacuation from two Idlib Shia towns of Foah, and Kafraya , besieged by rebel forces.

Unfortunately, there are a number of additional bureaucratic hurdles which result in very few in need of urgent medical aid being allowed to leave Madaya through one of the 65 checkpoints which also surround adjacent Zabadani. A major hurdle being that snipers regularly shoot residents if they approach Madaya's periphery from any direction.

Time was running out for Ghina shown below shortly after she was evacuated from Madaya to Al-Mouwasat Hospital, Damascus.

Fortunately in Ghina's case, as with the case of the conjoined twins from the Damascus suburb of East Ghouta, Nawas and Moaz (the subjects of Part II of this article) a social media campaign led by Amnesty International pressurized the powers that be to allow the Syrian Red Crescent Society (SACRS) to enter Madaya. They did so at night, so as not to attract the attention of many other families with severely injured members who surely would demand evacuation for their loved ones in critical condition. SACRS rescued the girls and moved them for urgent emergency medical intervention.

The metal rods must remain deep inside Ghina's leg and thigh for three months and she must stay in a hospital bed for two months. The sniper bullets were designed to explode on impact and they did much nerve and muscle damage. (Photo: fplamb 8/27/2016)

Until the past few days, there has also been great concern about the risk that Ghina's muscles in the left leg will be permanently shortened, causing walking abnormalities. That erstwhile grim likelihood is now largely discounted.

(Photo by Rima Karwan, the new "big sister" of these beauties. 8/282016)

Today Ghina and Nagham are recovering at Al-Mouwasat Hospital in Damascus and eating plenty of nutritious food including three pieces of fresh fruit daily (for which Syria is blessed and famous) on specific instructions from their new American "uncle", their mother Sahar and their new "big sisters", Rima and Raraf, both from Damascus. And the girls can have each two pieces a day (maximum!) from their growing supply of admittedly less nutritious treats arranged by their new friends. This morning this observer was advised by the girls doctor that Nagham's hand and arm stitches can be removed in five days. And then the little one will for sure head to the fine swimming pool at my hotel.

On Sunday (the first day of the week in Syria), September 18th the public schools across Syria will open for the next academic year. Arrangements have been made by MSRCL (mealsforsyrianrefugeechildrenlebanon.com/ which also helps specific cases in Syria) for 7 year old Nagham to begin classes. Nagham's mother apologetically explained that the girl been an average student last year in Madaya, when classes could even be held. Nagham was lectured today by her new American "uncle" that it is important to start off the school year well, to sit in the first two rows of her classroom, to be separated from the antics and distractions of the boys in the back of the classroom, and to make eye contact with her teacher and not to be shy about asking questions if there is something she does not understand.

With respect to Ghina, her proud mother Sahar explained today that she is an excellent student but cannot attend school this year for at least two or three months. Arrangements were made today for Ghina to receive home schooling by tutors Alaa and Nadine until she can join the school in the classroom.

MSRCL is still working to get permission to bring Sahar's two other babies, Manal age 3 and Mohamad-Kamal out of Madaya. The little ones were unfortunately not allowed to leave, for bureaucratic reasons, as part of Ghina's evacuation.

Ghina and Nagham were very lucky to survive the sniper's bullets last month and are today out of harm's way. But this is not the case for the 40,000 entrapped residents of Madaya who remain imprisoned by the war in Syria, as do nearly one million other besieged civilians across Syria today.

Here is another update from today.

I have just returned from visiting Ghina and Nagham in the hospital. Their mother Sahar was upset again today because during last night Ghina had another terrible nightmare. Ghina woke up screaming and then Nagham woke up and also burst into tears. The same event happens about twice a week. The commotion summoned the night staff who as usual tried futilely to calm sweet injured Ghina and her sister Nagham.

Ghina wakes up from these nightmares and screams to her mother, who at that point is also terrified about what is happening to Ghina. Sahar holds her daughters Ghina and Nagham tightly to her bosom to try and calm them. Ghana's nightmare this time was that somebody was going to cut off her leg!

Ghina had overheard the medical staff in Madaya telling her mother that in order to save Ghina's life they must amputate Ghina's badly shattered and infected leg. As mention above, the brave medical staff in Madaya are overwhelmed and under equipped in a makeshift field hospital. The doctors are faced with such life and death situation every day and they are emotionally stretched thin too.

Today we did our best to assure Ghina that her shattered leg has been saved and the infection is beginning to heal. Whenever I arrive at the hospital to visit Ghina and Nagham I gently stroke Ghina's leg and try to reassure her that, "oh my God, you are healing so well"...and she is physically. The emotional damage to Ghina, Nagham and so many thousands of children in Syria will take much longer to heal, if this war ever ends. What the children need now is plenty of love and to know that somebody cares. I try to drop by as often as possible.

Today I dropped by Ghina's and Nagham's hospital room and left the treats shown below. The girls have been through such horror that they need all the encouragement they can get to eat. The treats help and I think they are making progress. After being on a near starvation diet for so long and so much emotional stress it takes time just for the children to learn to eat normally again.

More good news! We found an apartment for Sahar and her daughters. Sahar likes it and she reports that it's near a great park, which there are many in Damascus. There are also many shops in the so-far quiet neighborhood, and the school is nearby. For many, life is a struggle everyday.

[Franklin Lamb volunteers with the Lebanon, France, and USA based Meals for Syrian Refugee Children Lebanon (MSRCL) which seeks to provide hot nutritional meals to Syrian and other refugee children in Lebanon. http://mealsforsyrianrefugeechildrenlebanon.com . He is reachable c/o fplamb@gmail.com].

Authors Website: http://mealsforsyrianrefugeechildrenlebanon.com/

Authors Bio:

Since 2013, Professor Franklin P. Lamb has traveled extensively throughout Syria. His primary focus has been to document, photograph, research and hopefully help preserve the vast and irreplaceable archaeological sites and artifacts in Syria.

Like Iraq, Syria is the cradle of civilization, and as such it has been a rich source of our shared global culture and historic heritage. Already endangered from illegal excavation, looting, international trafficking and iconoclasm; the theft and destruction of these sites has greatly increased as a result of the conflict in the Middle East.

Many of the endangered archeological sites and artifacts are over 7,000 years old. The oldest remains found in Syria are from the Paleolithic era (c. 800,000 BCE). The most endangered artifacts and archaeological sites currently are in Tell Halaf, the north of Syria near the Turkish border with Syria. These archaeological sites date as far back as 5,500 BCE. They include archeological sites and artifacts of the Babylonian, Sumerian, Egyptian, Assyrian, Phoenician, Aramaic, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad, Ayyubid and Ottoman civilizations and empires.

Professor Franklin Lamb has also been working, sometimes under dangerous circumstances, to record and photograph the war damage done to religious icons, images, monuments, and ancient structures that span pre-Roman civilizations, and structures such as Islamic mosques, Christian churches and Jewish synagogues.

Professor Lamb is working tirelessly to record and photograph these sites and artifacts because they are in danger of complete destruction for religious, political and illegal trafficking reasons, especially due to the ongoing wars in the Middle East.

Professor Franklin Lamb's website and his latest book, "Syria's Endangered Heritage, an International Responsibility to Preserve and Protect" presents exclusive and never published before photographs, records, data, articles, and interviews from across the whole of Syria. His book can be purchased at his website http://www.syrian-heritage.com/.

In addition to Dr. Lamb's urgent archaeological work he is also deeply committed to rescuing and aiding refugee children in Syria. He is a volunteer with the Lebanon, France, and USA based "Meals for Syrian Refugee Children, Lebanon (MSRCL)", which seeks to provide hot nutritional meals to Syrian and other refugee children.

Lamb says that the goal of MSRCL is to be able to provide one meal a day to 500 children. More donors are needed in order for him to reach that goal. At $2.25 per meal x 500 children per day ($1,225), the budget for a month (30 days) requires approximately $36,000. Over 95% of each donation goes directly towards the cost of each meal. The MSCRL volunteer teams give their time, energy and even their own money to help the refugee children so that they will not become part of the "lost generation" of Syria.

Lamb's books and publications include "Pollution as a Problem of International Law"; "International Legal Responsibility for the Sabra Shatila Massacre"; "Israel's 1982 War in Lebanon: Eyewitness Chronicles of the Invasion and Occupation", "The Price We Pay: A Quarter Century of Israel's Use of American Weapons against Civilians in Lebanon in addition to the three volume set, "Palestine, Lebanon & Syria Palestine, Lebanon & Syria (Commentary and Analysis 2006-2016)." Due out during Fall 2016, in English and Arabic, is "The Case for Palestinian Civil Rights in Lebanon: Why the Resistance Sleeps."

Dr. Lamb's most recent book is "Syria's Endangered Heritage: An International Responsibility to Preserve and Protect". www.Syrian-heritage.com

Lamb's Academic Credentials include: BA, and Law Degrees from Boston University, Master of Law (LLM) Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy from the London School of Economics (LSE); Diploma in International Air & Space Law from the University College of London; Post-Doctoral Studies at Harvard University Law School of East Asian Legal Studies Center, specializing in Chinese Law; International Legal Studies at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom; Studied Public International Law at The Hague Academy of international Law, at the International Court of Justice, in The Hague, Netherlands.

Lamb's Professional and Political Activities include Assistant Professor of International Law, Northwestern College of Law, Portland, Oregon and Assistant Counsel to the US House of Representatives Judiciary Committee, During the Administration of President Jimmy Carter, Lamb was elected for a four year term to the Democratic National Committee, representing the state of Oregon. Lamb served on the Democratic National Committee Judicial Council with California Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi as well as the Platform Committee on East-West Relations. Professor Lamb served on the presidential campaign staff for Presidential Candidate Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts.