(part 2 of 3)
[Part 1: Lackawanna College, a two-year college in Scranton, Pa., accepted a $2.5 million endowment from Cabot Oil & Gas Corp. to strengthen that college's programs and ties to the oil and gas industry.]
Two of the reasons Pennsylvania has no severance tax and one of the lowest taxes upon shale gas drilling are because of an overtly corporate-friendly legislature and a research report from Penn State, a private state-related university that receives about $300 million a year in public funds.
Opponents of the tax cited a Penn State study that claimed a 30 percent decline in drilling if the fees were assessed, while also touting the economic benefits of drilling in the Marcellus Shale. What wasn't widely known is that the lead author of the study, Dr. Timothy Considine, "had a history of producing industry-friendly research on economic and energy issues," according to reporting by Jim Efsathioi Jr. of Bloomberg News. The Penn State study was sponsored by a $100,000 grant from the Marcellus Shale Coalition, an oil and gas lobbying group that represents more than 300 energy companies. Dr. William Easterling, dean of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, said the study may have "crossed the line between policy analysis and policy advocacy."
The Marcellus Center for Outreach and Research (MCOR), a part of Penn State, announced that with funding provided by General Electric and ExxonMobil, it would offer a "Shale Gas Regulators Training Program." The Center had previously said it wasn't taking funding from private industry. However, the Center's objectivity may have already been influenced by two people. Gov. Tom Corbett, who accepted more than $2 million in campaign funds from oil and gas company personnel, sits on the university's board of trustees; billionaire Terrence (Terry) Pegula, owner of the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, was CEO of East Resources, which he had sold to Royal Dutch Shell for $4.7 billion in July 2010. Pegula and his wife had also contributed about $380,000 to Corbett's political campaign. On the day Pegula donated $88 million to Penn State to fund a world-class ice hockey arena and support the men's and women's intercollegiate ice hockey team, he said, "[T]his contribution could be just the tip of the iceberg, the first of many such gifts, if the development of the Marcellus Shale is allowed to proceed." At the groundbreaking in April 2012, Pegula announced he increased the donation to $102 million.
The Shale Technology and Education Center (ShaleTEC)
program at the Pennsylvania College of Technology, a branch of Penn State, was
established "to serve as the central resource for workforce development and
education needs of the community and the oil and natural gas industry,"
according to its website.
With an
initial $15,000 grant from the Marcellus Shale Coalition, the Community College
of Philadelphia (CCP) planned to establish certificate and academic programs
for workers either already employed by or intending to enter jobs that provide
services to Marcellus Shale companies. In a news release loaded with
pro-Corbett and pro-industry appeal, college president Stephen M. Curtis
announced in November 2012, "The goal is to support the supply chain now serving
energy companies and offer specialized career training that connects
residents to the high-pay, high-demand career paths." John Braxton, assistant professor
of biology and an ecologist, said CCP "must not be used as a PR puppet for
shale gas fracking companies,"
accurately noting that the fracking industry "got
a free publicity ride" by the administration's hasty decisions. Within
two weeks of CCP's announcement, the faculty union (AFT Local 2026), which
represents the college's 1,050 faculty and 200 staff, condemned the decision to
establish the Center "without the consideration or approval of the faculty, and
with total disregard for established College procedures for instituting new academic curricula." In a unanimous vote
by the Representative Council, the
faculty declared, "the natural gas drilling
. . . industry and peripheral and
related industries present unacceptable dangers and risks to public
health, worker safety, the natural environment, and quality of life." Curtis
left CCP in Summer 2013; the proposed program was never developed, and remains
unfunded.
In April 2011, Gov. Corbett had suggested that the 14 universities of the State System of Higher Education (SSHE) could allow natural gas drilling on the campuses that sit on top of the Marcellus Shale. The ensuing Act, passed by the Republican-controlled legislature, includes clauses to compromise the universities' academic integrity. In exchange for supporting fracking, the new act allows the university where the gas is extracted to retain one-half of all royalties; 35 percent would go to the other state universities; 15 percent would be used for tuition assistance at the 14 state universities. California and Mansfield universities have already begun to profit from fracking.
In a secret negotiation revealed by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, the Student Association of California University signed over mineral rights on 67 acres. The lease includes a confidentiality clause.
The Marcellus Institute at Mansfield University is "an academic/shale gas partnership," designed to educate the people about the issues of natural gas production. The university holds summer classes for teachers and week-long camps for high school students to allow them to "Learn about the development of shale gas resources in our region and the career and educational opportunities available to you after high school!"
The university's associate in applied sciences (A.A.S.) degree in natural gas production and services, begun in Fall semester 2012, was fast-tracked, submitted and approved in less than six months rather than the 12--18 months normally required for approval. The university "will take as many students as we can," said Lindsey Sikorski, the Institute's director, although only one new faculty position was approved. The SSHE administration encourages larger class sizes and fewer permanent professors. The program, Sikorski says, "is not one of advocacy for the industry, and all sides will be considered." The program has not received any grants from the industry; Sikorski said she "doesn't want there to be any conflicts of interest" that would "compromise the integrity of the program." However, the reality is that energy companies and their lobbying groups may eventually fill a financial hole created by Corbett cutting higher education funding and the system's chancellor refusing to protect academic integrity in the state-owned universities. (Neither Chancellor John Cavanaugh nor his successor, Frank Brogan, responded to repeated calls.)
The union that represents the state system's 6,000 faculty passed a resolution in September 2013 opposing drilling on campuses, stating that the campuses "are not appropriate locations for [fracking] given the environmental and health hazards of the fracking process."
[Next week: Compromising academic integrity at other American universities.]
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