Italy has, after Switzerland and Liechtenstein, the most extensive I&R experience in Europe. Article 75 of the Italian Constitution states that a popular referendum shall be held to decide on the total or partial repeal of a law or of an act having force of law whenever it is requested by 500,000 voters or by five regional councils.
This means that only 1% of the electorate is able to initiate a popular vote about the complete or partial abrogation of a particular law. The electorate does not only play a negative role, because it can change the meaning of a law by repealing some of its articles. This use of the "abrogative referendum" compensates for the lack of a law proposing popular initiatives, but only partially, since issues that are not already covered by existing laws cannot be made the subject of a popular vote. |