Jesus was a Scientist in the Greek Tradition
Dr. Gerry Lower, Keystone, South Dakota
It is rather striking how many great scientists have contributed to
western cultural evolution without having very much to say about where
they were "coming from," the nature of the world within which
they made their contributions. Many brilliant thinkers were simply too
active, e.g., Jesus and Jefferson, to take time for such introspection,
hoping that their contributions would stand on their own merit and knowing
that it is always possible to backtrack and identify starting points from
the results of their work.
It is, for example, not particularly difficult to comprehend where Charles
Darwin was coming from. For starters, he was coming from a natural One
world in which everything is related and connected in time, a world in
which it is implicit that Life comes of itself, a world in which it is
implicit that supernaturalism and an external source of authority are
unnecessary if not irrelevant to self-comprehension.
In other words, Science has had its own theological ground all along, its
own spiritual world unrelated to that of religion. Science has its own
answers to "why" questions, both in terms of human origins and
in terms of human purposes. Once that has been recognized, one is left to
deal with nothing but the actual, tangible, observeable world (where all
good Science has begun since Greece).
A primary feature of Science is that no matter how complex a subject can
be made from the bottom up, it always remains simple from the top down, it
always remains simple in the conceptual sense and in the elegant sense. If
a scientist cannot explain what he is doing in "street" English
and precise analogies, he quite likely does not know what he is doing.
Darwin's "Theory of Evolution," for all its complexities, is
conceptually very simple and elegant in saying that all life forms evolved
from the molecules of the earth, that all of life is related, that all of
life is bound up in one evolutionary process. Darwin was able to see
strands of that larger process all about him in the living world and in
the fossil record. He was able to see structural, functional and
behavioral relationships between living things that outlined the inherent
creativity of Life. Darwin set all living things to the music of time and
order. What Lyell did for geology and the evolution of the earth, Darwin
did for biology and the evolution of life on earth. This posed such an
overwhelming threat to supernaturalism, the Papacy was forced, in 1870, to
declare itself infallible, not that Science was wrong. The church had no
option but to bow out in a cop out.
In essence, Darwin observed existing life forms and their fossil records
and provided temporal organization and order to the natural processes he
observed. That could be accomplished on empirical/logical ground, by
virtue of Darwin's living in a conceptual One World in which such order
would seem likely to exist. All of human brilliance is found in looking
for things that others, living in smaller worlds, would never think
existed and would, therefore, never seek.
The provision of a causal explanation (the "why") for observed
natural processes (the "how") was likewise accomplished on
empirical/logical ground by demonstrating mutation and natural selection
as providing the earthborn motivation for biological evolution. By
integrating empirical knowledge into larger viewpoints, Darwin made it
possible to conceptualize the core evolutionary process beneath life on
earth. Darwin made it possible to see Life on earth as a unity involved in
an integrated, ordered process with inherent direction.
By answering "why" questions in a scientific context, Darwin
provided a pan-cultural knowledge base and a world view that united all
people on earth in one living program, independent of cultural background
and without need of supernatural intervention. Life comes of itself. We
now know about actual human origins on a global, non-exclusionary basis.
The same situation unfolds in considering the "Germ Theory of
Infectious Disease," the "Great Sanitary Awakening" and the
work of Snow, Pasteur and Koch. Once again, the men who gave us
epidemiology, preventive medicine and public health were coming from a
world in which the natural history and causes of disease are entirely
earthbound, a world in which supernatural intervention, e.g., a
retributive god, is not only unnecessary, but dishonest and unethical by
both Hippocratean and nascent Christian standards. "Neither hath this
man sinned, nor his parents" that he be born blind (John 9:1).
One story in particular sheds light on how these views were developed.
Pasteur had discovered the bacillus that causes anthrax in cattle and the
recommended approach to stop the spread of disease was to kill and bury
all infected cattle. That worked just fine, except in certain areas of
France where burying diseased cattle did not prevent the spread of disease
to new herds. What gives? What did the gods have against some farmers and
not others?
Pasteur quietly amazed his colleagues by noting that areas where burying
cattle did work were marked by chalky soils devoid of earthworms, and that
areas where burying cattle did not work were marked by loamy soils with
bountiful earthworm populations. He quickly proved that earthworms were
physically transporting anthrax bacilli from buried cattle back to the
surface to infect new cattle. Pasteur's brilliance was directly related to
his living in a world of processes. There had to be a material process to
explain the transport of anthrax bacilli across several feet of earth.
Pasteur addressed the problem head on by overtly looking for the material
mechanism beneath that process, i.e., earthworm traffic.
By answering "why" questions in a scientific context, Pasteur's
generation of medical science provided a pan-cultural knowledge base
relevant to all people on earth, independent of cultural background and
without need of supernatural intervention. Disease comes of itself, with
identifiable earthly causes and necessary (if inadvertant) human
involvements leading to exposures, this knowledge providing the basis for
preventive medicine and public health. We now know about the origins of
human infectious disease on a global basis.
By observing the strands of process beneath the origins of life on earth,
Darwin was following the trails of God's thought in producing a world view
applicable to the origins of all people. By observing the strands of
process beneath the natural history of human disease, Pasteur was
following the trails of God's thought in producing a world view applicable
to the health of all people. Pasteur did not live in a world of horrendous
disease problems that left the people praying to the gods and begging for
mercy. He lived in a world in which problems could ultimately be
comprehended and controlled, entirely with human knowledge.
It is rather enlightening, therefore, to consider the thinking of Jesus
within a scientific context, because doing so provides an image, not of a
man with good supernatural connections, but of a man of science, an
enormously insightful man who did His thinking in essentially the same
ways as other notable and brilliant thinkers of His day. There is no need
to invoke supernatural influences in order to comprehend the origins and
purposes of His thought.
Jesus was a Hellenic Jew with ample room in his spiritual world for
scientific thought, human knowledge and compassion. By the time Jesus was
a young man, Greek approaches to formal scientific thought and the values
of Greek democracy were long established, several centuries old in fact
and available. The Greek libraries in Alexandria were not destroyed by
zealous Romanized "christians" until the 4th century AD, after
Constantine had perverted the message of Jesus right out of the JudeoRoman
program.
Jesus, like Hippocrates before Him and Jefferson after Him, was a
dialectition who based His further thought and action on the dialectic
human values residing at the core of science, democracy and nascent
Christianity. All three men saw the causes of human problems to be
entirely earthbound. For Jesus, the causes of political violence and human
misery were not supernatural in origin but the result of competing
despotic political philosophies with God-awful values and priorities.
Accordingly, Jesus confronted both Judaism and Romanism, out loud and in
public, pointing out the despotic nature of absolutism, the unjust nature
of legalism and harsh penalism, the counter-productive nature of
vengeance-based moralities, and the greed-driven, life-cheapening nature
of marketplace values. These diagnostic efforts were entirely empirical
and in full recognition of the spiraling nature of vengeance-based
"moralities." Jesus offered instead a political philosophy born
of human knowledge, honesty and compassion. For that contribution to a
saneand honest political philosophy, He was silenced by those prefering to
honor religious despotism and rule by the rich and powerful.
In nascent Christian philosophy is found the source of human rights, e.g.,
"Neither do I condemn thee: go and sin no more." (John 8:11). In
nascent Christian philosophy is found the wisdom of separating church and
state, e.g., "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are
Caesar's; and unto God the things that are Gods." (Matthew 22: 21).
In nascent Christian philosophy is found the "purest system of morals
ever before preached to man ... calculated to heal and not to create
differences," the core ethical morality upon which Jefferson
constructed His Declaration and would have built American Democracy were
it not for the supernatural religious right wing.
Implicit in nascent Christian philosophy is the concept that deity resides
on the human inside, that god is defined by how we think and act. If we be
blindly obedient, vengeful and self-righteous, then so goes our god. That
is precisely why Jesus appealed, not to the heads of church and state, but
to the heads and hearts of the people, requesting them to ground their
spirituality in honesty and compassion. That is precisely why Jefferson
appealed, not to the heads of church and state, but to the heads and
hearts of the people, requesting them to ground their political philosophy
in nascent Christian values and human rights. Both requested only that the
people think for themselves and judge other's judgments using nascent
Christian values as their standard.
The fact that the thoughts of Jesus can be analyzed like any other human
thoughts, without recourse to supernaturalism, points to the profoundly
human nature of the Christian message. Jesus was likely a small-framed,
dark-complected, young Jewish man with faith and courage and knowledge
that transcended that of both the Jewish and Roman empires. So sure was He
of the spiritual content of dialectic human values, He was willing to die
for them. In contrast, the Roman church built in His name three centuries
later was willing to launch self-righteous, pre-emptive conquest in the
name of those values. In Jefferson's mind, nascent Christianity had been
"adulterated and sophisticated by artificial constructions [JudeoRoman
supernaturalism] into a mere contrivance to filch wealth and power ...
perverted into an engine for enslaving mankind, so as to constitute the
real Anti-Christ."
Insofar as the thought of Jesus can be considered "divine" or
"from God," then those same definers can be applied to all great
thinkers, from Socrates and Hippocrates to Newton and Jefferson, from
Lincoln and Pasteur to Einstein and Bohr. Insofar as the emergence of
modern democracy, the abolition of slavery and the eradication of
infectious disease can be considered blessings on this earth, then the God
of Jesus can be found in the thought of healers like Jefferson and Lincoln
and Pasteur and Koch. All thoughts and acts of deity on earth are human
thoughts and human acts.
The humanness of Jesus cannot be denied. That His message was born of
scientific thought with profound spiritual content cannot be denied. That
His message was perverted by JudeoRoman supernaturalism for two millennia
in support of self-righteous imperialism, colonialism and capitalism
cannot be denied. That His message was enshrined by Jefferson and Franklin
in their Declaration cannot be denied. That His message was perverted by
Tory capitalism and ultimately placed in check (momentarily) by Republican
crony capitalism cannot be denied. That all worlds are created by the
human mind cannot be denied. That one of those worlds, the one we all live
in, could be honest and caring and human cannot be denied.
Jesus came from the world of science, the world of intuitive and
empirical/logical thought about the material world, a world that He could
observe and interpret and comprehend. He developed a larger world view
from which He could clearly comprehend the cultural causes of despotism
and human violence, and what needed to be done on earth to set the world
straight and pointing upward. To ascribe His insights to the gods is to
denigrate the Man. His insights were not from Abraham's god or from Rome's
gods, but from Science and the God within, our unconscious awareness that
sees more and knows more about Life than we do. More than anything, Jesus
was a man in touch with reality and in touch with Himself. Jesus is where
the spiritually honest human mind begins, as Jefferson and Franklin knew
full well.
Jesus lived in a world having no relationship whatsoever to the
supernatural constructs which the JudeoRoman church employed to justify
empire in His name. Implicit in that Romanized view, Jesus was second to
god's Roman laws, the implication being that Jesus was a devout legalist/penalist
who would never break God's laws and who enjoyed a good execution or a
good war to spread the word and be "fisher's of men." In other
words, Jesus was characterized most of all as a man in tune with the Roman
church and in blind obedience to the Pope. In Roman eyes, Jesus became an
ethereal spook, unattainable by mortals, worth a prayer but not to be
seriously considered. Christian values were not to live by, they were to
justify self-righteous conquest and control, in the name of Jesus, but in
the interest of the rich and powerful. Is this not the same approach used
by the Bush administration in promoting capitalistic right wing dominion
on a global basis?
Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin and their enlightened Christian friends
brought Jesus down to earth two centuries ago in a flurry of scientific
theology. In order to make Jesus real on earth, we must do likewise. We
must accept the humanness of Jesus and the fact of His death. We must
accept that He can only live now through the people (that would be you and
me), and we must know that He is uniformly attainable, quite because of
His humanness.
After two millennia of JudeoRoman fabrications and lies in the name of the
rich and powerful, we must become Christian "in the only way He ever
intended." (Jefferson) We must abandon supernaturalism, external
authority, vengeance-based moralities, self-righteousness and choseness;
and we must become citizens of Jefferson's Democracy, built upon the
values of Science (human knowledge) and nascent Christianity (compassion).
We must take our place, for the firs time, as a Democracy among
Democracies, in the interest of human maturation and world peace.