1 Lawrence Summers, Memo to senior World Bank staff, December, 1991. Published in The Economist, February 1992.
2 Mitchel Cohen, Listen Gore: Some Inconvenient Truths About the Poltics of Environmental Crisis, Red Balloon pamphlets, 2007.
3 Brian Tokar, Earth For Sale: Reclaiming Ecology in the Age of Corporate Greenwash, South End Press, Boston MA: 1997. p. 66, quoting from Gore, Earth in the Balance, p. 337, 297. For a more complete analysis of Gore's book, see Brian Tokar, "An Environmental Presidency," Z Magazine, April 1993, pp. 23-28; and "Environmental Doublespeak," The Ecologist, vol. 23, no. 4, July/August 1993, pp. 157-58.
4 Brian Tokar, ibid.
5 Later, after a firestorm of outrage about the memo engulfed the World Bank in controversy, an aide at the World Bank, Lant Pritchett, said that he'd been the one to have actually written it, that it was meant as "ironic," and that Summers signed it in that spirit. Pritchett said -- much after the fact -- that it was meant as a joke.
6 Jose Lutzenberger, in "Greenpeace Waste Trade Update," no. 5.1, First Quarter 1992.
7 As NY Green Party candidate Howie Hawkins wrote, when the Democratic Leadership Council and the AIPAC (American Israeli Public Affairs Commission) targeted former Georgia Congress Representative Cynthia McKinney for defeat because she had the temerity to call for justice for Palestinians, the Democratic leadership -- from Maynard Jackson, Andrew Young, and John Lewis in her home town of Atlanta to Jesse Jackson Sr., Terry McAulliffe and Bill Clinton nationally -- ran away from her. They let a Republican judge who supported right-wing fundamentalist Alan Keyes in the 2000 Republican primaries re-register as a Democrat and beat McKinney with Republican votes in Georgia's open primary system.
8 Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman, "Memo Misfire: World Bank "Spoof" Memo on Toxic Waste Holds More Irony Than Laughs," San Francisco Bay Guardian, May 1999.
9 OECD countries -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- so-called "developed" and relatively wealthier countries.
10 Jim Vallette, "Larry Summers' War Against the Earth," May 13, 1999. As printed in Counterpunch.org.
11 Mokhiber and Weissman, op cit.
12 Interestingly, the Carnegie Corporation gave a $25,000 grant to the Pacifica Foundation in 1996 to help subsidize the launching of what would become its preeminent show, Democracy Now.
13 The Development Group for Alternative Policies, Inc., "Statement on the Appointment of Lawrence Summers," 1400 I St. NW, Suite 520, Washington D.C. 20005.
14 Robert Wampler, "Kyoto Redux? Obama's Challenges at Copenhagen Echo Clinton's at Kyoto". National Security Archive at George Washington University. click here December 18, 2009.
15 Lawrence Summers, 1991 interview, in William Rees, "Footprints to Sustainability". University of British Columbia. UBC Reports, Vol. 52 No. 4 Apr. 6, 2006.
16 David E. Sanger, "Treasury Nominee is Closely Questioned," in The NY Times, June 18, 1999.
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