But he strongly suggests that the contesting behavior of boys and men separates them from the contesting of girls and women.
Let me suggest a way to envision the hypothetical gender difference that Ong suggests. He himself does not use this way of envisioning the difference.
Thus far, nobody has developed valid and reliable ways to measure the kind of contesting behavior that Ong discusses. So for my purposes of trying to envision a way to imagine the gender difference suggested by Ong, I need to ask you first of all to imagine that valid and reliable ways to measure contesting behavior might be developed.
Next, I need to ask you to imagine the two basic scenarios:
(1) The hypothetical measures show no statistically significant differences in the mean scores, contrary to what Ong's observations would lead us to expect.
(2) The hypothetical measures show a statistically significant difference in the mean scores, supporting Ong's observations.
If you are familiar with the bell-shaped curve, then you should be able to envision the second scenario as two bell-shaped curves, but with a differences between the two mean scores (i.e., the middle line in the two curves).
In accord with the second scenario, the upper tail of the bell-shaped curve representing the scores of males would be beyond the upper tail of the bell-shaped curve representing the scores of the females.
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