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- William Sargant "Battle of the Mind"
Mass propaganda is the very reason why in this so-called "age of information", we are more confused and divided from each other than ever"
It had been commonly thought in the past, and not without basis, that tyranny could only exist on the condition that the people were kept illiterate and ignorant of their oppression. To recognise that one was "oppressed" meant they must first have an idea of what was "freedom", and if one were allowed the "privilege" to learn how to read, this discovery was inevitable.
If education of the masses could turn the majority of a population literate, it was thought that the higher ideas, the sort of "dangerous ideas" that Mustapha Mond for instance expresses in "The Brave New World", would quickly organise the masses and revolution against their "controllers" would be inevitable. In other words, knowledge is freedom, and you cannot enslave those who learn how to "think".
However, it hasn't exactly played out that way has it?
The greater majority of us are free to read whatever we wish to, in terms of the once "forbidden books", such as those listed by The Index Librorum Prohibitorum (1). We can read any of the writings that were banned in "The Brave New World", notably the works of Shakespeare which were named as absolutely dangerous forms of "knowledge".
We are now very much free to "educate" ourselves on the very "ideas" that were recognised by tyrants of the past as the "antidote" to a life of slavery. And yet, today, there is a fear of that very thing, that to "know" will label you an outcast from a "healthy" society. That the simple desire to know is the beginning of rebellion.
It is recognised, albeit superficially, that who controls the past, controls the present and thereby the future. George Orwell's book "1984", hammers this as the essential feature that allows the Big Brother apparatus to maintain absolute control over fear, perception and loyalty to the Party cause, and yet despite its popularity, there still remains today a lack of interest in actually informing oneself about the past.
What does it matter anyway, if the past is controlled and rewritten to suit the present? As the Big Brother interrogator O'Brien states to Winston, "We, the Party, control all records, and we control all memories. Then we control the past, do we not? [And thus, are free to rewrite it as we choose"]"
Of course, we are not in the same situation as Winston"we are much better off. We can study and learn about the "past" if we so desire, unfortunately, it is a choice that many take for granted. And thus, by our failure to ask the right questions and seek the appropriate answers, we find ourselves increasingly in the unsettling position of a Winston"we are enslaved by the very lack of our own will.
In Orwell's "1984", there are three main super states in the world: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia that are in one combination or another constantly at war with each other and have been so for the last 25 years.
In the case of Winston, he has only known Oceania (the British commonwealths and U.S.), he knows essentially nothing of either Eurasia or Eastasia, except that sometimes Oceania is at war with Eurasia and sometimes it is at war with Eastasia. In fact, even this memory, that the enemy is not constant, is not something Winston is supposed to recollect or acknowledge. Just by doing this very thing, he is committing a "thoughtcrime".
Winston's experience begs the questions, if one were born into a fascist, totalitarian state would they know it? Of course, the state itself would not describe itself as such. How would you be able to compare your "freedom" with the "oppression" of the enemy, when all you were given was what the state chose to give to you?
How do you know that what has come to shape your convictions, your beliefs, your fears really belong to you, and were not placed there by another?
We are all very sensitive to this unsettling question because ironically, that has also been placed in us. It was what started this whole business of "mind control", you see, it had to be done"for our "protection".
Warfare in the 21st CenturyFor to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the pinnacle of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the pinnacle of skill.
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