1850 The property ownership requirement was eliminated, so nearly all white men were legally permitted to vote.
1855 Connecticut and Massachusetts adopted a literacy test to prevent Irish Catholic immigrants from voting.
1870 The 15th Amendment was adopted, allowing male citizens of all races, including former slaves, to vote.
1889 Southern states began imposing poll taxes to exclude poor people generally (and racial minorities specifically) from voting.
1890 Numerous states (not just in the South) began imple-menting "literacy tests" aimed at keeping African-Americans and Latinos from voting.
1913 The 17th Amendment required US senators to be elected directly by popular vote, not appointed by state legislatures.
1915 The Supreme Court ruled literacy tests unconstitutional.
1920 The 19th Amendment finally gave women the right to vote, 72 years after Seneca Falls.
1924 The Indian Citizenship Act allowed Native Americans
1944 The Supreme Court outlawed "White Primaries" run by private associations, declaring the nomination process a public process.
1960 The Supreme Court ruled gerrymandering unconstitutional.
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