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Denmark's Secret Armies
Code-named Absalon, EJ Harder led it, an unnamed network member explaining:
"There were twelve districts, structured according to the cell principle, but not as tightly organized as during the War."
Also, there were no alleged terrorist links, yet another member said its mission was to act in case of a Soviet invasion as well as prevent leftists from gaining power, both called "a clear and present danger."
As in other countries, operations were secret. Its members were "ninety-five per cent....military, conservative, and staunchly anti-communist.
Norway's Secret Armies
After European secret armies became known in 1990, journalists asked Norway's Defense Ministry for an explanation, its spokesman, Erik Senstad, saying only that they were essential to the country's security.
Code-named Rocambole (ROC), it was run by Norway's secret service (NIS), its "philosophy....based on the lessons learned during the German occupation," to prepare for a potential future one, and like elsewhere to prevent leftists from gaining power. "Cooperation with the CIA, MI6, and NATO was intense," but not without controversy, one example being NATO ordering intelligence conducted on anti-NATO Norwegians with strong pacifist convictions.
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