Putin resigned with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on 20 August 1991,[43] on the second day of 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev.[44] Putin said: "As soon as the coup began, I immediately decided which side I was on", although he also noted that the choice was hard because he had spent the best part of his life with "the organs".[45] In 1999, Putin described communism as "a blind alley, far away from the mainstream of civilization".[46]