Article: Anti-Cancer Activity from Natural Plants

Iodine for Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Links and References

2002 - USDA U of Miss- Mammary CA in mouse model inhibited by Reveratrol and Pterostilbene

1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12033810
J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jun 5;50(12):3453-7. Cancer chemopreventive and antioxidant activities of pterostilbene, a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol. Rimando AM, Cuendet M, Desmarchelier C, Mehta RG, Pezzuto JM, Duke SO. Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.

Pterostilbene, a natural methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, was evaluated for antioxidative potential. The peroxyl-radical scavenging activity of pterostilbene was the same as that of resveratrol, having total reactive antioxidant potentials of 237 +/- 58 and 253 +/- 53 microM, respectively. Both compounds were found to be more effective than Trolox as free radical scavengers. Using a plant system, pterostilbene also was shown to be as effective as resveratrol in inhibiting electrolyte leakage caused by herbicide-induced oxidative damage, and both compounds had the same activity as alpha-tocopherol. Pterostilbene showed moderate inhibition (IC50 = 19.8 microM) of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and was weakly active (IC50 = 83.9 microM) against COX-2, whereas resveratrol strongly inhibited both isoforms of the enzyme with IC50 values of approximately 1 microM. Using a mouse mammary organ culture model, carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions were, similarly to resveratrol, significantly inhibited by pterostilbene (ED50 = 4.8 microM), suggesting antioxidant activity plays an important role in this process.

2010

2) Pterostilbene_Monograph_Altern_Med_Review_July_2010
Altern Med Rev. 2010 Jul;15(2):159-63.
Pterostilbene. Monograph.[No authors listed] - Excellent Review Article

2012

3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22099605
J Surg Res. 2012 Apr;173(2):e53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.09.054. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
Pterostilbene and cancer: current review. McCormack D, McFadden D.Department of Surgery, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, USA.

Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is an antioxidant that is primarily found in blueberries. Studies suggest that pterostilbene exhibits the hallmark characteristics of an effective anticancer agent based on its antineoplastic properties in several common malignancies. In vitro models have shown that pterostilbene inhibits cancer growth through alteration of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis. In vivo, pterostilbene inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis with negligible toxicity. Pterostilbene has also been shown to be effective as an inducer of antioxidant capacity in multiple cancer cell lines that may facilitate its function as an anticarcinogenic compound. Additionally, preliminary studies show that pterostilbene exhibits much greater bioavailability compared with other stilbene compounds; however the exact pharmacologic mechanism of pterostilbene and its effects in humans are still under investigation. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the antineoplastic mechanisms of pterostilbene based on the results of preclinical studies and highlight recent advances in the study of this dietary compound.

2013

They examined the anti-proliferative activities of Res/analogues in three PCa cell lines

4) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pros.22657/
Dias, Steven J., et al. "Trimethoxy"-Resveratrol and Piceatannol Administered Orally Suppress and Inhibit Tumor Formation and Growth in Prostate Cancer Xenografts." The Prostate (2013).U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Mississippi

Resveratrol (Res) is recognized as a promising cancer chemoprevention dietary polyphenol with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, the role of its analogues in prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention is unknown.
METHODS We synthesized several natural and synthetic analogues of Res and characterized their effects on PCa cells in vitro using a cell proliferation assay. A colony formation assay and in vitro validation of luciferase (Luc) activity was done for LNCaP-Luc cells that were consequently used for in vivo studies. The efficacy of Res, trimethoxy-resveratrol (3M-Res) and piceatannol (PIC) was studied in a subcutaneous (s.c.) model of PCa using oral gavage. Tumor progression was monitored by traditional caliper and bioluminescent imaging. The levels of cytokines in serum were examined by ELISA, and the levels of compounds in serum and tumor tissues were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS We examined the anti-proliferative activities of Res/analogues in three PCa cell lines. We further compared the chemopreventive effects of oral Res, 3M-Res, and PIC in LNCaP-Luc-xenografts. We found that 2 weeks pretreatment with the compounds diminished cell colonization, reduced tumor volume, and decreased tumor growth in the xenografts. Both 3M-Res and PIC demonstrated higher potency in inhibiting tumor progression compared to Res. Notably, 3M-Res was the most active in inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing colony formation, and its accumulation in both serum and tumor tissues was the highest.
CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer strong pre-clinical evidence for the utilization of dietary stilbenes, particularly 3M-Res, as novel, potent, effective chemopreventive agents in PCa. Prostate

5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586048/
Li, K., Dias, S. J., Rimando, A. M., Dhar, S., Mizuno, C. S., Penman, A. D., ... & Levenson, A. S. (2013). Pterostilbene Acts through Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 to Inhibit Tumor Growth, Progression and Metastasis in Prostate Cancer.

PloS one, 8(3), e57542.Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America.

We reported earlier on a new molecular target of resveratrol, the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), which is a part of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) co-repressor complex that mediates gene silencing.

We identified resveratrol as a regulator of MTA1/NuRD complex and re-activator of p53 acetylation in prostate cancer (PCa). In the current study, we addressed whether resveratrol analogues also possess the ability to inhibit MTA1 and to reverse p53 deacetylation. We demonstrated that pterostilbene (PTER), found in blueberries, had greater increase in MTA1-mediated p53 acetylation, confirming superior potency over resveratrol as dietary epigenetic agent.

In orthotopic PCa xenografts, resveratrol and PTER significantly inhibited tumor growth, progression, local invasion and spontaneous metastasis.

Furthermore, MTA1-knockdown sensitized cells to these agents resulting in additional reduction of tumor progression and metastasis. The reduction was dependent on MTA1 signaling showing increased p53 acetylation, higher apoptotic index and less angiogenesis in vivo in all xenografts treated with the compounds, and particularly with PTER. Altogether, our results indicate MTA1 as a major contributor in prostate tumor malignant progression, and support the use of strategies targeting MTA1. Our strong pre-clinical data indicate PTER as a potent, selective and pharmacologically safe natural product that may be tested in advanced PCa.

6)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23411350

Am J Surg. 2013 Apr;205(4):483.Pterostilbene and its emerging antineoplastic effects: a prospective treatment option for systemic malignancies. Kapoor S.

7) http://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/383498/Chemopreventive-Effects-of-Pterostilbene-on-Urethane-Induced-Lung-Carcinogenesis-in-Mice-via.html
Chemopreventive Effects of Pterostilbene on Urethane-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis in Mice via the Inhibition of EGFR-Mediated Pathways and the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College , Tainan, Taiwan.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

The aim of this study is to investigate the chemopreventive effects of pterostilbene in urethane-induced murine lung tumors. Pretreatment with pterostilbene at 50 or 250 mg/kg significantly reduced tumor multiplicity by 26 and 49%, respectively. Pterostilbene also significantly inhibited tumor volume by 25 and 34% and decreased the tumor burden per mouse by 45 and 63%, respectively.

2012

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