The Homeland Security Department has made the nation only marginally safer than it was before the 2001 terror attacks that spawned its creation, the agency's former internal watchdog charges in a new book. The memoir released Monday byformer Homeland Security inspector general Clark Kent Ervin also accuses Tom Ridge, the department's first secretary, of shutting down critics instead of focusing on terrorists. His book, "Open Target: Where America is Vulnerable to Terrorism," outlines security gaps at U.S. airports, in mass transit systems, and at borders. It points to the department's sluggish response to Hurricane Katrina as proof that Homeland Security remains unprepared for threats.