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August 2, 2007 at 09:20:34

A Metallurgist's Insights Into the Minneapolis Bridge Disaster

by Joel S. Hirschhorn     Page 1 of 1 page(s)

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The incredible collapse of the Minneapolis bridge will send a message to the nation that has been repeatedly sent for decades, but that our political system has refused to effectively respond to.  America’s physical, engineered infrastructure has been in desperate need for massive spending to repair and replace, but the multi-trillion-dollar cost has been rejected by local, state and federal politicians.

 

First, understand that I have a professional background in this area.  My career started as a metallurgist, than I obtained a Ph.D. in Materials Engineering and became a full professor of metallurgical engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Madison where I taught about mechanical metallurgy and failure analysis, and in my consulting practice regularly worked on explaining actual failures of products and systems.

 

Many academic and professional groups have for many years produced countless reports on mounting unpaid public costs for updating our crucial physical infrastructure, including bridges, but going way beyond those to, for example, roads, water and sewer systems, tunnels and much more.  Make no mistake: The deeply researched and totally supported case for a massive national infrastructure spending program could not have been clearer.  But spending on infrastructure is not sexy and politicians at ALL levels of government have found countless excuses for not facing the totality of the problem.  Instead, public spending is dribbled out, dealing with the most urgent problems or, worse yet, the ones that are the most visible to the public.  But unaddressed are massive numbers of problems, such as the Minneapolis bridge and thousands more bridges, that our bureaucratic system has learned to game, postpone, rationalize and, therefore, put the public safety at considerable risk.

 

As a metallurgist I can pretty much assure you that if there is a technically honest and complete investigation, the ultimate explanation of the Minneapolis bridge failure will be related to fatigue cracking in the metal structure.  Already, news reports have revealed some prior observation of a fatigue problem with the bridge and that the bridge had a relatively low rating of four out of a possible nine, showing that it was structurally deficient.  The game played by virtually all government agencies is to find excuses for delaying the most costly repair or replacement of bridges and other parts of our physical infrastructure.  As just another example, in most older urban areas there are constant repairs of busted underground water pipes.  What is really needed, but avoided, is a total replacement of very old underground pipe systems – in many places 100 or more years old!

 

Government inspection programs have been terribly compromised over many years.  The incredible political pressures to minimize spending on infrastructure have filtered down to the people, procedures and technologies used to examine bridges and other things.  When it comes to bridges it is also important to admit that many aspects of our automobile addiction have raised risks, including enormously greater numbers of vehicles creating heavy traffic during much of the day in urban regions.  Add to this the massive increase in vehicle weight resulting from the incredible increase in monster SUVs, as well as huge increases in large truck traffic.

 

The Minneapolis bridge collapse happened during evening rush hour because that was a period of maximum stress, and that would be the trigger for expanding existing fatigue cracks.  Once fatigue cracks get to critical sizes they grow and propagate very rapidly, producing powerful loads and stresses on remaining steel components and creating what appears to be a virtually instantaneous bridge collapse.

 

The remaining public policy question is clear: Will the nation spend what is necessary?  Seven other major bridge collapses in the last 40 years have not done the trick.  Inadequate bridge inspection has been a frequent documented problem, as well as some design defects.  Many people have already died from bridge failures.  But still the nation’s elected officials have not bitten the bullet and agreed to spend trillions of dollars over several decades to bring America’s physical infrastructure up to the most modern standards.

 

Think about all this the next time you go over a bridge.

 

www.delusionaldemocracy.com

Joel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the U.S. Congress and for the National Governors Association. He advocates a Second American Revolution, beginning with an Article V Convention to propose constitutional amendments. He is Chair of the Independent Party of Maryland.

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9 comments

I've been a farm boy, a bus boy, a millhand, a Marine, a low criminal, a high crazy, a computer technician, a mechanic, a long-haul trucker, a student, a journalist, a technical writer, a teacher. I earned bachelor's degrees in history and English and a master's in magazine journalism before discovering I was better off as an autodidact.
Jimmy MontagueI've been a farm boy, a bus boy, a millhand, a Marine, a low criminal, a high crazy, a computer technician, a mechanic, a long-haul trucker, a student, a journalist, a technical writer, a teacher. I earned bachelor's degrees in history and English and a master's in magazine journalism before discovering I was better off as an autodidact.

A major question should be asked at this juncture:

Major questions should be asked at this juncture: "Do we want to repair the existing infrastructure or do we want to build an entirely new one? After all, like it or not, we're moving toward an end of the car culture that we've built up over the last hundred years. Some of our utilities are disappearing (i.e. land-line telephones); others are moving underground or going wireless. Cable television, for example, will soon be history if the wireless trend keeps growing (and it will). What will replace our cars? Do we need to start laying track? What kind of track? The traditional railroad or the new, mag-lev type? We can't rebuild our infrastructure nor can we build a new one until such questions have been asked and answered. Can we?

by Jimmy Montague (3 articles, 2 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 61 comments) on Thursday, August 2, 2007 at 11:32:17 AM
 


Joel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the U.S. Congress and for the National Governors Association. He advocates a Second American Revolution, beginning with an Article V Convention to propose constitutional amendments. He is Chair of the Independent Party of Maryland.
Joel S. HirschhornJoel S. Hirschhorn is the author of Delusional Democracy - Fixing the Republic Without Overthrowing the Government (www.delusionaldemocracy.com). His current political writings have been greatly influenced by working as a senior staffer for the U.S. Congress and for the National Governors Association. He advocates a Second American Revolution, beginning with an Article V Convention to propose constitutional amendments. He is Chair of the Independent Party of Maryland.

Note from a friend

Here in Colo. Springs, a 40' piece of a major bridge simply fell out.
The city's response was to put up barriers so cars wouldn't fall through
the hole. I kid you not. They've put up a weight restriction, but some
experts are warning that it could still collapse during rush hour. But
the city won't close it, or replace it, saying the money isn't in the
budget for another year or two.

I bet there won't be much traffic on that bridge today. And I bet the
city council is all calling their lawyers asking about their own
liability if something happens.

by Joel S. Hirschhorn (126 articles, 31 quicklinks, 58 diaries, 508 comments) on Thursday, August 2, 2007 at 11:57:32 AM
 


A writer is a rogue goose. All other gees fly in a flock formation; every goose knows his place and time for honking. The rogue goose is undisciplined. He leaves the formation indiscriminately to have a look at it from aside. He roams back and forth, takes a peep at the leader, honks a little bit from behind, distracts everyone and writes on what he sees. Time passes and as he wants to return back to his place he discovers someone else there. Thus he either has to wait until they land for rest...

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Mark SashineA writer is a rogue goose. All other gees fly in a flock formation; every goose knows his place and time for honking. The rogue goose is undisciplined. He leaves the formation indiscriminately to have a look at it from aside. He roams back and forth, takes a peep at the leader, honks a little bit from behind, distracts everyone and writes on what he sees. Time passes and as he wants to return back to his place he discovers someone else there. Thus he either has to wait until they land for rest...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Good to hear

that there are still honest engineers left. I have been an engineer all my life, PhD, Physics, PE ( Mechanical Engineering)  and I can say with  full authorrty- failures from  Shuttle Columbia to Minnesota Bridge and also the New Orleans levies- are all the result  of  gross negligence humanwise promoted by politics and  TOTAL LOSS OF THE PEOPLE POWER. Just think about it:

In case of Columbia the  people on the ground knew about  he foam damage ( granted, they did not know how big) but they did not  inform the crew and for 15 days those people  up there  did not know that they could do something about it.

In case of Levies if someone had seen the comparison on the Internet of the levies in Amsterdam, London and New Orleans, that someone would weep for our country.

And in Minnesota we have.. what we have.

In all those cases  the results of the  inspections, etc were not to public knowledge ( in case of Columbia- both the public and the crew) and the public did not have a say. As such   we have the powerless dying.

If you have no power  you will be hurt by those who have. That simple.

by Mark Sashine (50 articles, 19 quicklinks, 244 diaries, 3453 comments) on Thursday, August 2, 2007 at 12:20:08 PM
 


SWM
Kelly JamesSWM

Privatization to the Rescue!

Combine this article with Hightower's recent expose of the selling off of public roads and it is easy to forcast a true sky-is-falling scenario.

by Kelly James (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 3 comments) on Thursday, August 2, 2007 at 1:11:36 PM
 


Harpist, unemployed blue collar worker, and Bush basher living deep in the heart of Texas.
PappyHarpist, unemployed blue collar worker, and Bush basher living deep in the heart of Texas.

The bridge collapse...

...is merely a symptom of a disease that has been running rampant since about the time of Ronnie Ray-Gun. The idea that taxes are an evil to be exorcised from reality is the infectious agent. The Kool-aide drinkers care only about their private profits. Keep taxes low, keep profits high!

To my mind, upkeep of public infrastructure is one of the most basic functions of government. It is painfully obvious that our feeble government is incapable of even this most basic function. It is incapable because people keep cutting and cutting taxes with no better reason than it sounds good. Taxes are the worst thing in the world, after all.

Given the choice, I'd rather pay higher taxes for the comforting knowledge that the bridge over which I am driving isn't going to collapse under me. I'd rather pay higher taxes for the comforting knowledge I won't be driving under that same unsafe bridge.

I drive a lot on IH35E in Dallas. Why do I suddenly get the unsettling feeling this problem could truck fifteen hundred miles south? How many of the bridges I cross are in similar condition as the Minneapolis bridge? Am I going to be the next one sacrificed on the altar of lower taxes?

I shudder to think!

Blessed be!
Pappy

by Pappy (61 articles, 0 quicklinks, 11 diaries, 860 comments) on Friday, August 3, 2007 at 2:21:42 AM
 


Young retired yank of 59 living in the highlands o Scotland. Been out of the old country for 20 some years now. I'm with the Dali Lama, kindness is the only thing that will work. LOVE cycling on or off road. My wife is a wonderful girl from Manchester England.We're haven fun.
davyYoung retired yank of 59 living in the highlands o Scotland. Been out of the old country for 20 some years now. I'm with the Dali Lama, kindness is the only thing that will work. LOVE cycling on or off road. My wife is a wonderful girl from Manchester England.We're haven fun.

beginning of the end ?

Pappy, Yup, but I'd rather have "the rich" pay their fair share of taxes and let's put the taxes toward our infrastructure rather piss it away trying to control the whole world. I fear we began to see the rot with New Orleans. I am an X pat and can tell you that New Orleans was seen abroad as SHOCKING, as the world "thought" that of all countries America would take care of it's own. Not much has changed in the last 1000 years except the serfs live a bit better, thou this is changing.

Keep it up, I enjoy your writing and comments

by davy (1 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 240 comments) on Friday, August 3, 2007 at 3:05:30 AM
 


Virginia Simson is a spiritual journalista/activist who runs a visionary planetary tutorial blogspot, www.ladybroadoak.blogspot.com as well as a blog on the uranium industry and depleted uranium at www.lowlevelradiation.blogspot.com. She feels that we must educate the young as to the real issues of the day - economics, clean energy, a drug free lifestyle, friendship and concern for the environment. We must plan for seven generations in the future. She unconditionally supports impeachment and...

to see more of bio, click on member name

ladybroadoakVirginia Simson is a spiritual journalista/activist who runs a visionary planetary tutorial blogspot, www.ladybroadoak.blogspot.com as well as a blog on the uranium industry and depleted uranium at www.lowlevelradiation.blogspot.com. She feels that we must educate the young as to the real issues of the day - economics, clean energy, a drug free lifestyle, friendship and concern for the environment. We must plan for seven generations in the future. She unconditionally supports impeachment and...

to see more of bio, click on member name

Everything you say is true, AND ...

All bridges on I-35 and 94 should be checked, imho.  This one was fingered at construction time as a matter of record.

 I steadfastly refused to drive my children across it . they had no choice as they didn't drive but I did and i kept them OFF it.

 My family left the highway and bridge construction industry in Minnesota due to this sloppy, sloppy work.  My grandfather was the civil engineer for the Minneapolis park department for DECADES, and was assistant engineer on the Mendota bridge, a bridge built properly. My family simply could not get behind the way concrete bridges were slapped up and consequently lobbied long and hard with the Mn. Department of transport for a product called cement enamel as it was sturdier. They did this for SAFETY reasons, not money.

 There are many  "issues" in this story and it's great to see some more honest engineers coming forward to tell the true tale.  Sloppy construction and poor maintenance plus urban development that isn't far sighted, are just a recipe for disasters.

 People simply MUST take this into their own hands and keep their kids off these structures.  I did.

by ladybroadoak (38 articles, 20 quicklinks, 12 diaries, 390 comments) on Friday, August 3, 2007 at 9:48:08 AM
 


Harpist, unemployed blue collar worker, and Bush basher living deep in the heart of Texas.
PappyHarpist, unemployed blue collar worker, and Bush basher living deep in the heart of Texas.

the end of the beginning

Pappy, Yup, but I'd rather have "the rich" pay their fair share of taxes and let's put the taxes toward our infrastructure rather piss it away trying to control the whole world. I fear we began to see the rot with New Orleans. I am an X pat and can tell you that New Orleans was seen abroad as SHOCKING, as the world "thought" that of all countries America would take care of it's own. Not much has changed in the last 1000 years except the serfs live a bit better, thou this is changing.

I agree. It would be really nice to have the rich actually spend their money on something for society at large. Is it too much to ask, especially since crumbling infrastructure knows no socioeconomic division? A bad bridge cares not whether the car under which it is collapsing is a new Jag, or a beat to shit, piece of shit '77 Chevette. This is the one place where economizing can be fatal.

For years, I earned my living as an automotive tech. A car is comprised of numerous individual systems: engine, transmission, brakes, and so on. When it comes to repair of an automobile, there are systems which can be "jury" rigged to get the customer down the road, and there are systems where there is no such thing as economizing. The brakes would be such a system.

When I see a car that has severely damaged brakes, such as leaking or otherwise inoperable hydraulic systems, or drums or rotors damaged by metal to metal contact, or too thin, I will not repair it unless the customer spends the long dollar. I can deal with a weak, oil-leaking, smoke-blowing engine. I can deal with a slipping transmission. I can even deal with a car with flaky suspension/steering componants. However, I will not do a half-assed brake job for a customer's car. A brake system failure can be fatal! I have lost customers or sent them packing to other techs more willing to do bad brake jobs. I'd rather do nothing than do a proper job.

Bridges and roads are subject to much wear and tear. Without the best of maintenance, these structures wear out and eventually fail. Just like a car's brake system, there is only one way to fix them is to do the job right. A job like maintaining bridges must be done properly and professionally, not left to the whims of chance, or cheap fucks lining their pockets at the expense of real public safety.

What is even scarier, according to Countdown with Keith Olbermann, Minnesota is one of the best states when it comes to standards of maintenance. The bridge in question was rated at fifty percent, and there were other bridges around the country that are in worse condition. I wonder how many of them are here in Texas. I wonder how many times I will pass over the Trinity River before I fall into it.

They have a term for what is happening with US infrastructure and the country: penny wise and pound foolish. Taxes have been cut so far, and the services that have been funded by them have fallen as dead leaves in October. It is no surprise that we have so many bridges in this country. It is no surprise there was no money to rebuild the levies in New Orleans. It is no surprise that there were no resources for the people affected by the tornadoes in Kansas this year.

What is a surprise is that somehow, there is more than enough money to keep pouring into a complete waste of time, life, and money called the Iraq War. Isn't that amazing?

Once again, according to Countdown with Keith Olbermann, the price tag to fix the present crop of weak or substandard bridges around the US is about one hundred billion dollars. The Iraq war, to this point has cost five hundred billion dollars. Somehow, I think the investment in our own infrastructure is ultimately in our better interest than mythological terrorist "threats" always coming from a country that never threatened us in any way.

Keep it up, I enjoy your writing and comments

Thanks! As long as the goddess allows me to continue to breathe, and as long as I have a functional computer and internet connection, I'll be here to share my words with the world at large.

Blessed be!
Pappy

by Pappy (61 articles, 0 quicklinks, 11 diaries, 860 comments) on Friday, August 3, 2007 at 11:04:24 PM
 


57Yo m I'm a "been there, done that! Bought the tee shirt,to hide the scars!" type of person Ive worked�many jobs from�a chicken slaughterer to managing a branch of a multinational and many jobs in between.Raised in colonial PNG Left School 16,Grad Hi school 22 Night School, University 36� BBus (majored in Psyche and Marketing), Dip Comp prog and project Mmnt.at 50 I've been in 48 different community org ,23 on board with 18 prez or deputy prez.First social campaign at 17 for the aborigine...

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Andris57Yo m I'm a "been there, done that! Bought the tee shirt,to hide the scars!" type of person Ive worked�many jobs from�a chicken slaughterer to managing a branch of a multinational and many jobs in between.Raised in colonial PNG Left School 16,Grad Hi school 22 Night School, University 36� BBus (majored in Psyche and Marketing), Dip Comp prog and project Mmnt.at 50 I've been in 48 different community org ,23 on board with 18 prez or deputy prez.First social campaign at 17 for the aborigine...

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infrastructure woes

the problem with infrastructure is that it is sexy once ie politicians (of all flavours) can gain cudoss when its installed. This is partly because we have a 'more' culture, We want more.  We would be critical of a politician who didn't provide us with more benefits in our area. What is often forgotten that yesterdays new infrastructure needs maintenence.  There are many legitimate demands on the community purse but rarely do we cry for maintenence unless it's a problem that affects us directly. Only the most shrill demands for repairs are expeditiously  as with the popular cry comes s comes political cudos for meeting those demands. Govt. today is much like a demented plasterer trying to cover cracks in the wall during an earthquake. They are running from one demand to the next borrowing from Peter to pay Paul. How often have you seen some group or other demanding money for their cause, what is missing in this process are two factors .

1. if you take money from somewhere that means another need is deprived of those funds. Not surprisingly the invisible maintenence is the victim.

2. Before we go hunting,  Donkeys, elephants perhaps we need to give our politicians clearer guidelines as to piorities then monitor their performance before playing cassawary ( like an ostritch but far more bad  tempered).

It is agreed that the system is wrong in that we often confuse public benefit with expedience and efficiency (the  latter two are not interchangeable).

Private industry's focus is money but public interest is people the two are definately not interchangable. It is when in search set of priorities incompatible techniques are applied resulting in public disaster.

An objective investigation  will find personal,  systemic (organizational) short coming even incompetences we as citizens must take our share of the culpability. We created the system and through selfishness, laziness and or  indiference let it run adequately funded and  supervised. We need to take a greater interest in government and its prioritizing rather than continually making demands that are disassociated from the reality that the money has to come from somewhere. 

 

by Andris (4 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 531 comments) on Sunday, August 5, 2007 at 9:39:21 PM
 

 

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