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January 6, 2009 at 11:45:44

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Promoted to Headline (H3) on 1/6/09:
Tax Brackets

by Dave Johnson     Page 1 of 1 page(s)

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In coming years California and the country are going to have to confront and settle a number of budget issues that we have been putting off for decades. We have been putting off so many necessary decisions -- deferring maintenance of our infrastructure, pushing pain into the future by borrowing, setting aside the needs of our people by cutting school, police, fire and other budgets, and practicing almost every form of avoidance of reality that we could find.

Well, the karma is coming back on us, all the chickens have come home to roost, we are getting what we gave and we are going to pay for our sins. (Please leave more cliches in the comments.)

The number one budget issues that has to be confronted is taxation.

So, let's talk taxes, beginning with the basics. I have found that many people don't really understand how taxes work so I want to write a bit about that here. One reason for the lack of understanding of taxes is that there has been quite a bit of deliberate misinformation. By confusing people, the very wealthy and corporate interests have been able to trick people into letting them avoid paying their fair share. Instead we either take on ourselves the bulk of the burden of paying for democracy, or just borrow and put that burden on our children.


One thing that I have found many people do not quite understand is the concept of tax brackets.

Tax brackets

A "progressive" tax is one where the tax rate increases as income increases. A progressive tax structure consists of brackets. You pay a certain tax rate on income up to the next bracket. After that bracket is reached, a higher tax rate applies to income that is earned that is above that amount. Let's say that you pay 5% on income below $10,000 and 7% on income above $10,000. So if you make exactly $10,000 of income the tax is $50. At $10,100 the tax is still that $50 on the amount below $10,000 and $7 on the additional $100, for a total of $57. The key point is that only the amount in the new bracket is taxed at the higher rate.

Many people believe that once you reach a higher bracket you pay the higher tax rate on all the income that falls below that bracket amount as well. I have actually talked to people who think they need to "get their income into a lower bracket" to avoid paying a higher tax rate, because they think that a higher tax rate would apply to all of the income they earned.

Using the example of the earlier paragraph, many people believe that you would pay $77, not $50, on income of $10,100, assuming that the entire $10,100 is taxed at a 7% rate because the total income is above $10,000. This incorrect belief is one result of anti-tax arguments. It is also the basis of many tax-avoidance schemes.

So, to repeat: If you enter a higher tax bracket, you only pay the higher tax rate on the amount of income you earn that is in the new tax bracket, not on all of your income.

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Dave Johnson is a Senior Fellow with the Institute for the Renewal of the California Dream working on progressive messaging, and a Fellow at the Commonweal Institute, where he researches and writes about the activities of the conservative movement (more...)
 

The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author
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5 comments


Don't forget...

Another major misconception is that those are the only tax brackets.  Currently there are different tax brackets depending on how you earn your income.  If you make it on investing your money for longer than a year the MAX you will ever pay in taxes is 15%.  Pretty crappy huh?

by Joe Bechtold (8 articles, 0 quicklinks, 2 diaries, 42 comments) on Tuesday, Jan 6, 2009 at 11:49:05 AM

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Suggested Reading

You may want to take a look at the articles, Who Pays Taxes (part 1) and Who Pays Taxes (part 2) for further insight into the effects of our tax system. 

by PrMaine (13 articles, 13 quicklinks, 3 diaries, 510 comments [22 recommended, 1 rejected]) on Tuesday, Jan 6, 2009 at 4:52:44 PM

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Way too many taxes!

Any discussion of taxes should begin with the obvious: we have way too many taxes.

You are taxed for earning money, you are taxed when you spend money and you are taxed for owning what you bought. (Income, Sales, and property tax.)

At most, we should have just one form of tax.

Another thing you must know, is that each form of taxation isdominate at a different level of government.

Local government uses property taxes

State government uses sales taxes

Federal government uses income taxes.

Of course, there is a lot of overlap, and if we continue the path we are on, all three levels of government we apply all three forms of taxation, in addition to special taxes, fees, etc.

All taxation is a ponzi scheme, which is why it doesn't work. 

by Steve Consilvio (18 articles, 0 quicklinks, 3 diaries, 184 comments [4 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Tuesday, Jan 6, 2009 at 6:34:46 PM

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Reply: Libertarians

I understand that libertarians do not like taxation and instead think everyone should pay for their own police, fire and health care.  If they can't afford it, too bad for them.  I get it.   You think all roads should be private toll roads and want to replace stop signs with toll booths.

But the rest of us decided on democracy and equality in America.  That means schools that ALL of our kids can go to, roads that ALL OF US can drive on and police and fire services that come to ANYONE's house when needed.  And courts that don'tlet rich people off while putting the rest of is in jail.  (Yes, this is how it was before democratic government by the people arrived.)

Police and fire and roads COST MONEY.  There are obligations the come with the benefits of being a citizen in a democracy.  We do NOT just want corporations to run things here.  Bush and the libertarian Republicans have brought us pretty close to that but we just voted them out.

So your anti-tax arguments fall flat with me.  I believe in democracy and equality.

by Dave Johnson (49 articles, 0 quicklinks, 3 diaries, 8 comments) on Tuesday, Jan 6, 2009 at 6:57:07 PM

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Reply: Does the point falls flat or fall on deaf ears?

Democracy and equality are opposites when taxes are involved.

You don't understand the math of money.  And understand taxes even less.

Read my post again.  I didn't say anything against people working together in a cooperative fashion.  It is a good idea to put out fires, etc.  But paying taxes doesn't put out fires.  And you don't need 100 forms of taxation to do one thing; you could just as easily have one tax to do 100 things, but only if you know how to manage people and equipment to begin with.

How we tax has nothing to do with what we hope to accomplish with the taxes, but I would argue we are failing regarding both.

We have two conflicting systems:
a social utopia (we are all equal) and an
economic anti-utopia (greed is good, I must be self-reliant)


You need to understand where and how they are separate, and where and how they overlap.

by Steve Consilvio (18 articles, 0 quicklinks, 3 diaries, 184 comments [4 recommended, 0 rejected]) on Tuesday, Jan 6, 2009 at 11:25:37 PM

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