Medill School of Journalism students were mostly in high school when National Public Radio (NPR) correspondent Anne Garrels endured the "shock and awe" bombing of Iraq and wrote "Naked in Baghdad."
But that didn't curtail their questions about Abu Ghraib, Blackwater, government censorship, embedding with the military and war reporting as a female when Garrels spoke at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL. in May.
Casually dressed in a leotard, flowered skirt, ballet flats and bare legs, Garrels discussed the progression of the war, the effect of escalating violence and kidnappings on reporting and everyday life in Iraq and her personal experiences as a reporter and a woman.
The surge has allowed "young American captains" to help bridge the gaps between Sunni and Shiite communities says Garrels but the Iraqi government has not used the opportunity to work on reconciliation or security for Sunnis in places where Shiite police and militia still dominate. And, "the government still relies on the U.S. to deliver services and security," she said.
Due to "Shiite political dynamics" most of the southern part of Iraq is unreportable, says Garrels and embedding with a military unit such as Special Forces is not always the answer.
While embedded reporting in Iraq has been valuable says Garrels--the military maintains openness and treats women embeds no differently than men--it is no substitute for individual journalism. "What kind of reporting can you do standing next to armed guards?" she asks.
Moreover, there's the issue of censorship.
Reporters in Iraq respect the military's rules about not photographing identifiable soldiers who are dead or wounded says Garrels--"we don't want their relatives first hearing about it on the news either"--but sometimes the censorship can appear capricious.
She recalls a New York Times story in which an embedded reporter detailed how his unit was pinned down by gunfire as soldiers tried to evacuate the body of a sergeant who had been shot in the head.
"The military found the article 'distasteful' and the Times was disembedded," said Garrels, adding that Times reporter John Burns even went to see General David Petraeus over the incident.
While Garrels says she was amazed at how unprepared the U.S. was for the Iraq war, relying on information from "30 year exiles" and "power grabbers," she also worries about the implications of removing troops "precipitously."
"It will be a mess. A lot of Iraqis I know are probably going to be killed."
Garrels' own house manager, an Armenian Christian in his fifties, was a victim of sectarian violence a year ago, she says, when he was kidnapped by assailants, some in police cars, beaten, raped and underwent a heart attack. While the kidnappers released him, presumably for money, U.S. policies initially prevented the man and his family from emigrating to the U.S. as they do for many Iraqis who help the U.S. war effort at their own peril, she says.
Garrels had her own experience with sexual assault in Iraq which she shared at the end of her prepared remarks.
She woke up, she says, to find a man from her own Iraqi house staff "on top of" her in her bed, though she was able to prevent an assault.
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