A Bunnies' Tale

by Walter and Rosemary Brasch

Forget everything you learned about Bre'er Rabbit, the brightest, most cunning of all animals in West African folklore and Joel Chandler Harris stories.

Disregard what you saw Bugs Bunny, the Brooklyn–born wise-cracking Br'er Rabbit spinoff, do to mentally-lame hunter Elmer Fudd and a host of cartoon characters.

Peter Cottontail, Peter Rabbit, and Roger Rabbit. Thumper, the March Hare, and The Easter Bunny. All are smarter in fiction than in real life. Even the average Playboy Bunny is brighter than the average rabbit.

Check out any list of animal intelligence rankings, and you'll see various monkeys and apes; Wolves, foxes, coyotes, and dogs; pigs, elephants, and horses; dolphins and whales; crows, parrots, and several other birds; and dozens of other animals, including a couple of invertebrates. Rabbits aren't even on most lists. Of course, the lists are made by humans, whose own intelligence is suspect most of the time.

We live in a rural area with a large backyard that is the home for several trees, bushes, shrubs, and flowers, as well as two dogs and one pot-bellied pig. Our yard is also the temporary home of uncountable visiting chipmunks, squirrels, birds, bats, toads, insects of every kind and—alas—rabbits.

For most of the year, rabbits of every size and age get water from our grass, food from our flowers and plants, shelter from our trees. Our playfully pacifistic dogs like to watch them, stalk them, and chase them, but the rabbits have always figured out how to escape. What they haven't figured out is how to build nests and take care of their young. And that presents our problem.

The gestation period for rabbits is about 30 days, and mother rabbits can mate the same day she delivers a litter of four to eight. Days before delivering her litter, the mother rabbit will usually prepare a nest, lining it with her own belly fur. She'll deliver the bunnies, and then hop away, perhaps to go to the store for a few items, off to visit friends, or to her job at the Bunny Emporium. Survival instinct has led mothers to seemingly abandon their nests, so as not to attract attention of predators, but will watch from afar and stop by in the early morning and late evening to nurse her babies, known as kits.

But rabbits being rabbits will build nests anywhere they like, often, protected by bushes, sometimes left in the open, where predators, including neighboring cats, find the young. A couple of times, bunnies built their nests in the outdoor dog house. Fortunately for them, the dogs don't use it because they have a 2,000 square foot air conditioned house that they allow humans to share.

Sometimes, because almost every kind of carnivore, including man, consider the timid, scared rabbits as a food source, the mother will never have the opportunity to return to the nest.

We have tried to help mother rabbits by giving better protection to their nests. While a few may argue that because rabbits are so skittish, humans should do nothing to a rabbit's nest because the mother may abandon it, we have not found this to be true.

We have taken abandoned kits to licensed wildlife rehabilitators who try to keep them alive until they can be released into protected game lands. But kits who have been orphaned within days of being born usually don't survive.

Survival is dependent upon cecotropes and colostrum. The mother excretes cecotropes—a bunch of grape-seed sized pellets that contain bacteria and fungi that contain nutrients—and then will reingest them. Cecotropes help protect the mother against pathogens. Somehow, the reingested cecotrope becomes a part of the colostrum, the mother's first milk, which contain nutrients, proteins, growth hormones, and antibodies to protect against infection. For kits that don't get that first milk, there are artificial alternatives. Sometimes, kits can be introduced to other lactating bunnies who may, or may not, become temporary surrogates. Sometimes, it's possible to create artificial colostrum—often, a mixture of kitty milk replacement, various other fluids, and freeze-dried colostrum. The mixture can be fed to the neonatal kit through a sterile syringe or mini-nippled bottle, but it is not a substitute for natural milk; most wild rabbits will still die, and those who live may often have a weakened internal structure.

And so it was that at the end of one summer, a mother bunny showed up in our backyard, put the smallest of belly hair into a small impression in the dirt previously dug by one of our dogs, dropped four newborns, and then scampered off. We never saw the mother, only four blind, deaf, hairless kits, each weighing about an ounce.

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