-- married or pregnant women or those with children,
-- persons convicted of crimes,
-- the undereducated (until they complete at least eight years of school), and
-- other considerations at the Ministry of Defence's discretion.
Israeli law rejects conscientious objection rights for men and only partly accepts them for women on the basis of religion. Those who cite it and refuse to serve are in trouble. They're subjected to unfair procedures and hearings that may, and most often do, recommend prosecution and imprisonment.
Israel signed the United Nations Charter and must, under its provisions, comply with the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Its Article 18 guarantees everyone "the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion." So does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under Article 18 where it repeats that "Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion..." By denying refuseniks this right, Israel violates international law and a fundamental human right afforded everyone under it.
No official figures exist, but refusenik numbers have grown since the Second Intifada began in September 2000. Most opt out in the Territories, and estimates of their numbers range from 1100 well-documented cases to as many as double that number. Here's what they face.
Article 35 (a) (2) of the National Defence Service Law states that:
-- failure to fulfill a duty under the law is punishable by up to two years imprisonment;
-- evading military service is subject to five years in prison;
-- refusing to perform reserve duties calls for up to a 56 day sentence that's renewable if the objector refuses repeatedly;
-- helping someone avoid military service is punishable by a fine and up to two years in prison;
-- disobeying call-up orders means facing up to five years imprisonment, although most often sentences rarely exceed 12 months.
Refuseniks are generally sentenced on one of the following charges:
I am a 72 year old, retired, progressive small businessman concerned about all the major national and world issues, committed to speak out and write about them.
On or about the 13th of April Riad Elsolh Hamad disappeared and could not be located by his family. Last Thursday his body was pulled from the Colorado River in Austin at Lady Bird Lake. TV reporters that heard the police radio call went to the park and witnessed the body being retreived from the river. The reporters speaking off record to Alex Jones said that Hamad was bound at the hands and feet with duct tape and that he was gagged and blindfolded with the tape also.
Hamad had complained that the FBI had searched his home taking his papers and hard drives. Evidently the FBI could find no crimes to accuse Hamad with, so the criminal elements at work in our country took matters into their own hands. Hamad had reported Israeli agents carrying automatic weapons had been questioning his neighbors. It seems Hamad incurred the wrath of the mini-state by sending books and funds to poor Palestinian children that were refugees of the Israeli occupation.
Dr. Ibrahim Dremali of the Austin Muslim Association was to wash the body of Hamad according to custom. When Dremali opened the body bag he found Hamad´s body bruised about the face and head. Hamad´s brain was missing from the body bag after the autopsy.
Hamad left behind a wife and children. He was a very educated man and dedicated to political activism. I mourn along with the Muslim community the loss of a great man. His life should be an inspiration to us to continue the struggle against military occupation.
by
john riggs (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 426 comments)
on Thursday, April 24, 2008 at 4:15:48 PM
The 40-year occupation has corrupted every aspect of Israeli life. By keeping Arabs away from participating in normal democratic life, we also refuse the Jews the rights due them as human beings.
The denial of human rights is almost complete. One need only attend the civil and religious courts for a few hours to see injustice in action. Routinely, the Police accept bribes to put Jews out of their ancestral homes.
The government controls gun running, illegal drug distribution and prostitution. Most infamous are the organizations of criminals in charge of European activities and of the sale of US nuclear secrets.
Our universal draft is a major reason we haven't fallen to Bush Administration levels. Our young men and women see first hand the horrors of violence and repression. The experience inspires them to seek a better way.
The armchair USA generals can promote a 100-year land war in Asia. Very few Americans seriously object to this.
by
Jason Paz (0 articles, 0 quicklinks, 0 diaries, 72 comments)
on Thursday, April 24, 2008 at 8:36:50 PM
Your extensive research and commitment to truth, justice and peace is greatly appreciated.
On July 27, 2007, while in East Jerusalem, I listened to a religious Jew and former Infantry Lieutenant in the Israeli Defense Force/IDF who served six years in the occupied territories of Bethlehem, Hebron, Ramallah, Jenin and the Gaza Strip.
Mikhael Manekin, was discharged from the IDF in 2002 and is now the Foreign Relations Manager of Breaking the Silence who said, "I am a practicing Jew and in two weeks we go into the month of repentance; which requires acknowledging our sins. We cannot change things until we acknowledge our culpability.
"The problem is government policy that is implemented by young soldiers and whenever religion is involved, we will have fundamentalism. The Israeli peace and justice activists are less than 1% of Israeli society and anybody who is an activist is an optimist. You cannot do anything if you do not believe you can do something to change the situation. We have to remind ourselves that we are the minority; [it appears that] we are loosing, but we remind ourselves we are right!
"Everybody in Israel knows somebody who has served in the occupied territories. The situation in 2007 is worse than 2006 and it looks worse for 2008, but more and more activists-like Anarchists Against the Wall and Tayoush are actively working with Palestinians against the occupation, they are not afraid to travel in the occupied territories and are learning Arabic. Two, three years ago you wouldn't have heard anything; but now every week Israelis are getting arrested for fighting the occupation.
"A few years ago, the soldiers you have encountered at the checkpoints would have been me. Soldiers like myself who served during the second intifada, got our education on the job. You all have visited more places [the past nine days] than most Israelis ever have. Israeli's have no idea what is happening in the occupied territories. But, so far in 2007 we have given more Israeli's a tour through Hebron than we did in 2005 and 2006 combined. Hebron is a ghost town, the settlers are unbearable and every soldier who is stationed there understands the 600 settlers there are psychotic; insane.
"I became very opinionated while in the army, but I kept it all to myself. Nobody talks about it in the army and I was the commander and did not know until after I got out that one of the other soldiers in my unit was feeling the same way, until he gave his testimony. Israeli society wants you to believe you are a bad apple for speaking out because unless you trust the system, it will fall apart. Most Israelis who get out of the army leave the country and are probably all drugged out. They suffer post traumatic syndrome but we are the victimizers. My age group is getting the hell out of here or walling themselves off from society and are not involved in anything.
"Over 450 former soldiers have now given their testimonies and we don't publish any stories without the corroboration coming from another former soldier and the testimonies are kept anonymous.
"You have to understand you must preach to your own people; we want to shake up the comfortable people who may agree with us in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, but are not activists yet."
Breaking the Silence breaks down this barrier of denial and many who are speaking out had been assigned to Hebron, the most painful place I have ever been in my life.
In June 2005, my guide through Hebron was Jerry Levin, full-time volunteer with Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) who had once been CNN's Middle East bureau chief in the 1980's. Jerry was a secular Jew married to Sis, a Christian, and since his miraculous escape from captivity he and Sis have dedicated their lives to the Palestinian cause for human rights.
Jerry was captured and held hostage in Lebanon by the Hezbollah for nearly a year, and experienced a mystical Christmas Eve, and was never the same. Jerry is lightly built and sprouts bilateral hearing aids and he told me, "Every time I get ready to return to Palestine, everyone asks me, 'Aren't you afraid?' I reply, Of what, the Palestinians? No way! But when it comes to the Israelis soldiers, you bet I am!"
Hebron in 2005 held a few hundred Israeli settlers/colonists/squatters and three thousand IDF. We were turned away at one of the checkpoints and Jerry quipped, "Most of the soldiers don't like the CPTs. Whenever they won't let us through, we just go another way, and always, eventually, get where we want to go."
The narrow, winding stone streets of Hebron are centuries old, but in the 21st century, one side is Palestinian and the other Israeli, and their only connection to the other is a thick, deeply sagging netting strung above ones head that catches the huge rocks, shovels, electronic equipment, furniture, and all manner of debris that have been flung onto it by the settlers/colonists/squatters.
I asked Jerry if it ever gave way and hit Palestinians on the head and he responded, "That's the intention, but it gets cleaned out about every year or so. Come back in a few months, and this netting will be much closer to your head. The settlers just throw whatever they want onto the netting; they do what ever they want and get away with it. The CPT's run interference by nonviolent resistance; we get the children and woman to where they need to be going and back again. Sometimes, the settlers curse and stone us all; it keeps it interesting."
Jerry pointed out all the formerly Palestinian homes that the settlers have painted graffiti, such as "GAS THE ARABS" and Stars of David upon. The oppression affected me viscerally and I was nauseous all day and threw up all that night. I felt as if I had entered into every movie set and photograph of the Jewish ghettos before the Holocaust.
Ever since my first [of 5] journey's to Israel Palestine in June 2005, I have tried to break the silence about the undemocratic state of Israel -and my governments aiding and abetting of it-on the world wide web. My target audience has always been the mis-and uninformed and apathetic American Christians, for as Mikkael said, we must preach to our own, even when our own will not listen.
Another former Israeli soldiers with Breaking the Silence said: "There is a very clear and powerful connection between how much time you serve in the territories and how fucked in the head you get."
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