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OpEdNews Op Eds    H2'ed 2/20/09

Violence as an instrument of governance

By Sokari Ekine  Posted by Rady Ananda (about the submitter)       (Page 6 of 6 pages) Become a premium member to see this article and all articles as one long page.   2 comments
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Alidou, O. and Turshen, M. 2000. 'Africa: Women in the Aftermath of Civil War', Race and Class 41(4): 81. Ashton-Jones, N. 1988. The ERA Handbook to the Niger Delta: The Human Ecosystems of the Niger Delta. London: Environmental Rights Action. Barikor-Wiwa, Diana. (not dated) 'An interview with Diana Wiwa, International Representative of MOSOP and FOWA', Guelph Ontario: Ontario Public Interest Research Group, University of Guelph. Chunakara, M. G. 1994. The Militarisation of Politics and Society: Southern Asia Experience. Hong Kong: Daga Press Davies, M. ed. 1994. Women and Violence: Realities and Responses Worldwide. London: Zed Books. Drew, A. 1995. 'Female Consciousness and Feminism in Africa,' Theory and Society 24(1): 1Â-33. Dumont, J.P. 1992. 'Ideas on Philippine Violence: Assertions, Negations, and Narrations,' in Nordstron, C. and Martin, J. eds. The Paths to Domination, Resistance and Terror. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ekine, S. 2000. Blood and Oil: Testimonies of Violence from Women of the Niger Delta. London: Centre for Democracy and Development. Ekineh, A. 2001. Tears and Weeping of the Niger Delta. London: Southern Solidarity Press, London. Fleshman, M. 1999. Report on the Crisis in Nigeria. New York: The Africa Fund. Green, D. 1999. Gender Violence in Africa: African Women's Responses. New York: St Martin's Press. Hill Collins, P. 1990. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London and New York: Routledge. Human Rights Watch. March 2002. Nigeria: No Democratic Dividend for Oil Delta.

Human Rights Watch Overview. January 2004. 'Nigeria'. Available at: http://hrw.org/ english/docs/2004/01/21/nigeri6976.htm. Human Rights Watch. 2007. Audio report on Nigeria. Available at: http://hrw.org/ audio/2007/english/nigeria01/nigeri15204.htm. Ijaw National Alliance of the Americas. November 20, 2000. 'Odi Massacre: One Year On.'Â Jacobs, S., Jacobson, R. and Marchbank, J. eds. 2000. States of Conflict: Gender Violence and Resistance. London: Zed Books. Lobe, J. 2002. 'People versus Big Oil: Rights of Nigerian Indigenous People Recognized'. Foreign Policy in Focus Global Affairs Commentary May 5.

Maynard, M. and Purvis, J. eds. 1994. Researching Women's Lives from a Feminist Perspective. New York: Taylor and Francis. Na'Allah, A. ed. 1998. Ogoni's Agonies: Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Crisis in Nigeria. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Niger Delta Women for Justice. http://www.ndwj/kabissa.org Nordstrom, C. and Martin, J. 1992. 'The Culture of Conflict: Field Reality and Theory' in Nordstrom, C. ed. The Paths to Domination Resistance and Terror. Berkeley: University of California Press. Nordstrom, C. 1997. A Different Kind of War Story. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Okon, E. 2002, August. Report of the Niger Delta Women for Justice (NDWJ) on the Delta Women's Seige on the American Oil Company, Chevron-Texaco in Delta State, Nigeria. Available from Niger Delta Women for Justice: http://www.ndwj.kabissa.org Okonta, I. and Douglas, O. 2001. Where Vultures Feast. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. Rowell, A. 1996. Green Backlash: Global Subversion of the Environment Movement. New York: Routledge. Stamatopoulou, E. 1995. 'Women's Rights and the United Nations' in Peters, J. and Wolpher, A. eds. Women's Rights Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives. New York: Routledge. Turner, T. E. and Oshare, M. 1993. Women's Uprisings against the Nigerian Oil Industry in the 1980s.' Revised paper presented at Canadian African Studies Association, Montreal, May 1992. Turner, T. E. 1997. 'Oil Workers and Oil Communities: Counterplanning from the Commons in Nigeria.' Turner, T. E. 2001. 'The Land is Dead: Women's Rights as Human Rights: The Case of the Ogbodo Shell Petroleum Spill in Rivers State, Nigeria.' Paper published by T. Turner. Turshen, M. 1998. 'Women's War Stories' in Turshen, M. and Twagiramariya, C. eds. 'What Women Do in Wartime'. London: Zed Books. United Methodist Church. 1996; 2004. 'Rape in Times of Conflict and War.' The Book of Resolutions. Walby, S. 1990. Theorizing Patriarchy. Oxford: Blackwell. West, T. 1999. Wounds of Spirit: Black Women, Violence, and Resistance Ethics. New York: New York University Press.

Originally published Feb. 18, 2008 in Feminist Africa, Issue 10, 2008, and popularized by appearance in Pambazuka News. Feminist Africa is a publication of the African Gender Institute and its Strengthening Gender & Women's Studies for Africa's Transformation (GWS Africa) Project. Pambazuka News, a weekly forum for social justice in Africa, is published every Thursday by Fahamu.org, Networks for Social Justice.

More about Feminist Africa

Feminist Africa provides a forum for progressive, cutting-edge gender research and feminist dialogue focused on the continent. By prioritising intellectual rigor, the journal seeks to challenge the technocratic fragmentation resulting from donor-driven and narrowly developmentalist work on gender in Africa. It also encourages innovation in terms of style and subject-matter as well as design and lay-out. It promotes dialogue by stimulating experimentation as well as new ways of engaging with text for readers.

A commitment to transforming gender hierarchies in Africa will shape a strongly continental focus for the journal's subject matter, design and mode of distribution. Issues will confront linkages between different African regions, nation-states and social identities, and register the unique challenges facing a continent with a shared history of exploitation and marginalisation. At the same time, the journal acknowledges that Africa's myriad social and cultural processes are inextricably linked to global processes.

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Rady Ananda Social Media Pages: Facebook page url on login Profile not filled in       Twitter page url on login Profile not filled in       Linkedin page url on login Profile not filled in       Instagram page url on login Profile not filled in

In 2004, Rady Ananda joined the growing community of citizen journalists. Initially focused on elections, she investigated the 2004 Ohio election, organizing, training and leading several forays into counties to photograph the 2004 ballots. She officially served at three recounts, including the 2004 recount. She also organized and led the team that audited Franklin County Ohio's 2006 election, proving the number of voter signatures did not match official results. Her work appears in three books.

Her blogs also address religious, gender, sexual and racial equality, as well as environmental issues; and are sprinkled with book and film reviews on various topics. She spent most of her working life as a researcher or investigator for private lawyers, and five years as an editor.

She graduated from The Ohio State University's School of Agriculture in December 2003 with a B.S. in Natural Resources.

All material offered here is the property of Rady Ananda, copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009. Permission is granted to repost, with proper attribution including the original link.

"In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act." Tell the truth anyway.

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