[5] Quoted in Dave Lindorff, “Maureen Faulkner and Mumia: Vengeance Isn’t Sweet,” see above footnote no. 1; and “Was Philadelphia Officer Daniel Faulkner ‘Murdered By Mumia?”, Journalists for Mumia web site, http://www.abu-jamal-news.com/flyerMBM.pdf (accessed December 11, 2007).

[6] Educators for Mumia Abu Jamal web site, at http://www.emajonline.com. For the New York Times ad by educators in 2000, see http://www.jca.apc.org/mumia/source/NYTad.pdf (accessed December 13, 2007).

[7] Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America (Cambridge and New York: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1978), 523-9, and Schiffmann, 56-7.

[8] Journalists for Mumia, at http://www.abu-jamal-news.com/ , and Educators for Mumia, at http://www.emajonline.com/files/PressRelease.Polakoff.Photos.EMAJ.pdf .

[9] I do not believe the arguments of death penalty advocates hold good, but see Hugo Adam Bedau and Paul G. Cassell, Debating the Death Penalty: Should America Have Capital Punishment. The Experts on Both Sides Make Their Case (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

[10] “Law Enforcement and the Death Penalty,” at The Death Penalty Information Center, http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?&did=1705#lawenforcement (accessed December 13, 2007).

[11] On histories about racism in Philadelphia, see Julie Winch, Philadelphia’s Black Elite: Activism, Accommodation and the Struggle for Autonomy, 1787-1848 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988), and Charles Banner-Haley To Do Good and To Do Well: Middle-Class Blacks and the Depression, Philadelphia, 1929-1941 (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. 1993). Compare Samuel Bass Warner, The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987).

[12] Robert Dunham, “Death Penalty and Race: Partners in Injustice,” CounterPunch, December 10, 2001 http://www.counterpunch.org/dunham1.html (accessed December 11, 2007).

[13] A summary of the legal precedent for considering racism in legal proceedings is eloquently summarized by Christina Swarns in the NAACP Amicus Brief for Abu-Jamal’s appearance before the U.S. Third Circuit Court, at http://www.naacpldf.org/content/pdf/jury/Abu-Jamal_v_Horn_amicus_brief.pdf (accessed December 13, 2007).

[14] Dunham, see above footnote, no. 10.