2
2
1
6. M. Rodinson, “The Western image and Western studies of Islam”, In J., Schacht and C.E. Bosworth, (eds.), The Legacy of Islam, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974, pp. 9-62.
7. L. John, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality, Oxford: OUP, 1992, p-324.
8. The Guardian, UK., February 3, 1995
9. US Policy towards the Islamic World by Enayatollah Yazdani – Turkish Journal of International Relations, Summer-Fall 2008
10. Ibid.
11. The World Public Opinion Organization surveys were conducted between December 9, 2006 and February 15, 2007 using in-home interviews. In Morocco (1,000 interviews), Indonesia (1,141 interviews), and Pakistan (1,243 interviews) national probability samples were conducted covering both urban and rural areas. However, Pakistani findings reported here are based only upon urban respondents (611 interviews); rural respondents were unfamiliar with many of the issues in the survey. In Egypt, the sample (1,000 interviews) was an urban sample drawn probabilistically from seven governorates.
12. The US Department of Defense has not released a composite estimate of Afghan and Iraqi civilian deaths in US and coalition forces operations. According to various estimates at least 832,962 people have been killed, and 1,590,895 seriously injured in Afghanistan and Iraq. Some 90 civilians — among them 60 children — were killed in air strikes on a village in western Afghanistan on August 28, 2008, according to a statement issued by the United Nations mission in Kabul, making it almost certainly the deadliest case of civilian casualties caused by any United States military operation in Afghanistan since 2001.
13. The book - Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think - is authored by John L. Esposito, a professor of international affairs and Islamic studies at Georgetown University, and Dalia Mogahed, Gallup's executive director of Muslim studies.
14. The Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight - part of the US House Committee on Foreign Affairs - issued the report on June 11, 2008 after ten hearings on the decline of US image.
15. Testimony of Dr. Steven Kull, Director Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA), University of Maryland and Editor, World Public Opinion Organization before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Organizations, Human Rights, and Oversight on May 17, 2007. 16. Ibid. 17. Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think. 18. Ibid.
