VIEWING WHAT IS IS: Aboriginal/Natives/Kanaka
Maoli/Hawaiian Nationals, etc. VERSUS Pirates, Scoundrels, etc. - the
entity State of Hawaii Supported by the U.S.
by Amelia Gora, a Royal person (2011)
The Answers Lie in the Meanings of Our People VERSUS Them...Pirates, Scoundrels, etc.
aboriginal
See: domestic, incipient, native, original, prime, primordial
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
natives
NATIVES. All persons born within the jurisdiction of the United States, are considered as natives.
2. Natives will be classed into those born before the declaration of our independence, and those born since.
3.-1. All persons, without regard to the place of their birth, who were born before the declaration of independence, who were in the country at the time it was made, and who yielded a deliberate assent to it, either express or implied, as by remaining in the country, are considered as natives. Those persons who were born within the colonies, and before the declaration of independence, removed into another part of the British dominions, and did not return prior to the peace, would not probably be considered natives, but aliens.
4.-2. Persons born within the United States, since the Revolution, may be classed into those who are citizens, and those who are not.
5.-1st. Natives who are citizens are the children of citizens, and of aliens who at the time of their birth were residing within the United States.
6. The act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, approved April 14, 1802, Sec. 4, provides that the children of persons who now are, or have been citizens of the United States, shall, though born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, be considered as citizens of the United States" But, the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never resided in the United States.
7.-2d. Natives who are not citizens are, first, the children of ambassadors, or other foreign ministers, who, although born here, are subjects or citizens of the government of their respective fathers. Secondly, Indians, in general, are not citizens. Thirdly, negroes, or descendants of the African race, in general, have no power to vote, and are not eligible to office.
8. Native male citizens, who have not lost their political rights, after attaining the age required by law, may vote for all kinds of officers, and be elected to any office for which they are legally qualified.
9. The constitution of the United States declares that no person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of president or vice-president of the United States. Vide, generally, 2 Cranch, 280; 4 Cranch, 209; 1 Dall. 53; 20 John. 213; 2 Mass. 236, 244, note; 2 Pick. 394, n.; 2 Kent, 35.
2. Natives will be classed into those born before the declaration of our independence, and those born since.
3.-1. All persons, without regard to the place of their birth, who were born before the declaration of independence, who were in the country at the time it was made, and who yielded a deliberate assent to it, either express or implied, as by remaining in the country, are considered as natives. Those persons who were born within the colonies, and before the declaration of independence, removed into another part of the British dominions, and did not return prior to the peace, would not probably be considered natives, but aliens.
4.-2. Persons born within the United States, since the Revolution, may be classed into those who are citizens, and those who are not.
5.-1st. Natives who are citizens are the children of citizens, and of aliens who at the time of their birth were residing within the United States.
6. The act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, approved April 14, 1802, Sec. 4, provides that the children of persons who now are, or have been citizens of the United States, shall, though born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, be considered as citizens of the United States" But, the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never resided in the United States.
7.-2d. Natives who are not citizens are, first, the children of ambassadors, or other foreign ministers, who, although born here, are subjects or citizens of the government of their respective fathers. Secondly, Indians, in general, are not citizens. Thirdly, negroes, or descendants of the African race, in general, have no power to vote, and are not eligible to office.
8. Native male citizens, who have not lost their political rights, after attaining the age required by law, may vote for all kinds of officers, and be elected to any office for which they are legally qualified.
9. The constitution of the United States declares that no person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of president or vice-president of the United States. Vide, generally, 2 Cranch, 280; 4 Cranch, 209; 1 Dall. 53; 20 John. 213; 2 Mass. 236, 244, note; 2 Pick. 394, n.; 2 Kent, 35.
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
Royal
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
absolute
Associated concepts: absolute acceptance, absolute admission, absolute assignment, absolute bequest, absolute connrol, absolute deed, absolute devise, absolute fee, absolute gift, absolute immunity, absolute insuror, absolute owner, absolute power of alienation, absolute power of disposition, absolute sale, absolute transfer, fee simple absolute absolute (Conclusive), adjective accurate, actual, beyond doubt, categorical, certain, clear, clearly defined, decided, decisive, definite, definitive, determinate, exact, explicit, express, final, fixed, inalienable, indisputable, indubitable, obvious, positive, precise, real, settled, true, unconditioned, undoubted, unequivocal, unimpeachable, unmistakable, unmitigated, unquestionable, veritable, well-defined
Associated concepts: absolute certainty, absolute conviction, absolute discretion, absolute duty, absolute liability, abbolute moral certainty, absolute pardon, absolute privilege, absolute right, absolute title absolute (Ideal), adjective best, beyond compare, champion, consummate, crowning, defectless, excelling, exemplary, faultless, flawless, highest, immaculate, impeccable, incomparable, matchless, model, ne plus ultra, peerless, perfect, preeminent, pure, spotless, superior, superlative, supreme, taintless, unblemished, unequaled, unexcelled, unrivaled, unsurpassed, untainted, untarnished See also: actual, affirmative, arbitrary and capricious, axiomatic, cardinal, categorical, certain, clear, compelling, complete, conclusive, convincing, decisive, definite, definitive, demonstrable, determinative, direct, dogmatic, explicit, extreme, fixed, flagrant, gross, implicit, inappealable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indubious, outright, outstanding, plenary, positive, pure, radical, resounding, right, stark, strict, thorough, total, unalienable, unconditional, undisputed, unequivocal, unlimited, unmitigated, unqualified
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ABSOLUTE. Without any condition or encumbrance, as an "absolute
bond," simplex obligatio, in distinction from a conditional bond; an
absolute estate, one that is free from all manner of condition or
incumbrance. A rule is said to be absolute, when, on the hearing, it is
confirmed. As to the effect of an absolute conveyance, see 1 Pow. Mortg.
125; in relation to absolute rights, 1 Chitty, Pl. 364; 1 Chitty, Pr.
32.
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
Outstanding
outstanding (Prominent), adjective august, chief, consequential, conspicuous, distinctive, elevated, eminent, especial, esteemed, exalted, excellent, excelling, exceptional, eximious, extraordinary, famed, famous, far-famed, foremost, great, honorable, honored, illustrious, important, imposing, impressive, incomparable, influential, known, luminous, lustrous, marked, memorable, nonpareil, notable, noted, noteworthy, paramount, peerless, preeminent, prestigious, princely, principal, ranking, recognized, remarkable, renowned, reputable, respected, revered, royal, salient, significant, special, starring, sublime, substantial, superior, superlative, supreme, transcendent, unparalleled, venerable outstanding (Unpaid), adjective delinquent, due, in arrears, overdue, owing, past due, payable, surviving, uncollected, ungathered, unliquidated, unrecompensed, unrequited, unsatisfied, unsettled
outstanding (Unresolved), adjective in suspense, indefinite, irresolved, open, pending, unascertained, unconcluded, undecided, unfinished, unsettled
See also: best, blatant, conspicuous, critical, crucial, delinquent, due, extraordinary, famous, flagrant, important, infrequent, leading, major, master, momentous, notable, noteworthy, open, overdue, particular, past due, payable, portentous, preferential, principal, prominent, receivable, remarkable, renowned, residuary, salient, special, specific, stellar, uncommon, unpaid, unsettled, unusual
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
prominent
prominent adjective apparent, bold, brilliant, consequential, conspicuous, credited, dignified, discernible, distinct, distinctive, distinguished, elevated, eminent, evident, exalted, extended, famous, flagrant, foremost, glaring, honored, illustrious, important, influential, jutting, known, leading, lofty, main, marked, memorable, noble, notable, noticeable, notorious, obtrusive, obvious, outstanding, powerful, preeminent, principal, projecting, prominens, pronounced, protruding, protrusive, protuberant, raised, recognizable, relieved, remarkable, renowned, respected, rising, salient, showy, significant, striking, upmost, visible, weighty, well-known, well-marked, well-seen See also: apparent, appreciable, blatant, clear, conspicuous, critical, crucial, famous, flagrant, illustrious, important, influential, leading, manifest, momentous, naked, notable, noteworthy, notorious, obtrusive, obvious, open, palpable, paramount, particular, patent, perceivable, perceptible, primary, prime, principal, remarkable, renowned, reputable, salient, specific, stellar, unusual
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
sovereign
sovereign (Absolute), adjective authoritative, chief, commanding, controlling, dominant, governing, hegemonic, hegemonical, imperial, influential, leading, master, most powerful, paramount, potent, powerful, predominant, prepotent, regent, regnant, reigning, royal, ruling, supreme sovereign (Independent), adjective at liberty, enjoying liberty, enjoying political independdnce, exempt from external authority, free, liberated, politically independent, removed from bondage, self-directing, self-governed, self-ruling, sui iuris, unattached, unbound, unconquered, uncontrolled, unrestricted, unsubjected, unvanquished
Associated concepts: sovereign right, sovereign states See also: autonomous, dominant, free, government, independent, master, national, nonpartisan, omnipotent, paramount, powerful, predominant, superlative
Associated concepts: sovereign right, sovereign states See also: autonomous, dominant, free, government, independent, master, national, nonpartisan, omnipotent, paramount, powerful, predominant, superlative
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
SOVEREIGN. A chief ruler with supreme power; one
possessing sovereignty. (q.v.) It is also applied to a king or other
magistrate with limited powers.
2. In the United States the sovereignty resides in the body of the people. Vide Rutherf. Inst. 282.
2. In the United States the sovereignty resides in the body of the people. Vide Rutherf. Inst. 282.
SOVEREIGN, Eng. law. The name of a gold coin of Great Britain of the value of one pound sterling.
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
s
P
VERSUS
Pirates
pirate (Reproduce without authorization), verb adopt and pass off as one's own, appropriate, borrow dishonestly, copy, counterfeit, crib, help oneself to, make use of without permission, plagiarize, purloin, steal, take illegally pirate (Take by violence), verb commit piracy, commit robbery, despoil, lay hold of, loot, pillage, plunder, rifle, rob, sack, seize, spoil, spoilate, steal, take by force, thieve
See also: abduct, confiscate, copy, criminal, hijack, hold up, impropriate, loot, pillage, plagiarize,
plunder, poach, prey, rob, seize, spoil, steal, thief
Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.01 sec.
Burton's Legal Thesaurus, 4E. Copyright 2007 by William C. Burton. Used with permission of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
PIRATE. A sea robber, who, to enrich himself by subtlety
or open force, setteth upon merchants and others trading by sea,
despoiling them of their loading, and sometimes bereaving them of life
and, sinking their ships; Ridley's View of the Civ. and Eccl. Law, part
2, c. 1, s. 8; or more generally one guilty of the crime of piracy.
Merl. Repert. h.t. See, for the etymology of this word, Bac. Ab. Piracy
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
Squatters............
this is what shows up:
SQUATTER. One who settles on the lands of others without any
legal authority; this term is applied particularly to persons who settle
on the public land. 3 Mart. N. S. 293.
A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.
Treason...........
Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.01 sec.
The betrayal of one's own country by waging war against it or by consciously or purposely acting to aid its enemies.
The Treason Clause traces its roots back to an English statute
enacted during the reign of Edward III (1327--1377). This statute
prohibited levying war against the king, adhering to his enemies, or
contemplating his death. Although this law defined treason to include
disloyal and subversive thoughts, it effectively circumscribed the crime
as it existed under the Common Law.
During the thirteenth century, the crime of treason encompassed
virtually every act contrary to the king's will and became a political
tool of the Crown. Building on the tradition begun by Edward III, the
Founding Fathers carefully delineated the crime of treason in Article
III of the U.S. Constitution, narrowly defining its elements and setting
forth stringent evidentiary requirements.
Under Article III, Section 3, of the Constitution, any person who
levies war against the United States or adheres to its enemies by giving
them Aid and Comfort has committed treason within the meaning of the Constitution. The term aid and comfort
refers to any act that manifests a betrayal of allegiance to the United
States, such as furnishing enemies with arms, troops, transportation,
shelter, or classified information. If a subversive act has any tendency
to weaken the power of the United States to attack or resist its
enemies, aid and comfort has been given.
The Treason Clause applies only to disloyal acts committed during
times of war. Acts of dis-loyalty during peacetime are not considered
treasonous under the Constitution. Nor do acts of Espionage committed on behalf of an ally constitute treason. For example, julius and ethel rosenberg were convicted of espionage, in 1951, for helping the Soviet Union steal atomic secrets from the United States during World War II. The Rosenbergs were not tried for treason because the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II.
Under Article III a person can levy war against the United States
without the use of arms, weapons, or military equipment. Persons who
play only a peripheral role in a conspiracy to levy war are still
considered traitors under the Constitution if an armed rebellion against
the United States results. After the U.S. Civil War,
for example, all Confederate soldiers were vulnerable to charges of
treason, regardless of their role in the secession or insurrection of
the Southern states. No treason charges were filed against these
soldiers, however, because President Andrew Johnson issued a universal Amnesty.
The crime of treason requires a traitorous intent. If a person
unwittingly or unintentionally gives aid and comfort to an enemy of the
United States during wartime, treason has not occurred. Similarly, a
person who pursues a course of action that is intended to benefit the
United States but mistakenly helps an enemy is not guilty of treason.
Inadvertent disloyalty is never punishable as treason, no matter how
much damage the United States suffers.
As in any other criminal trial in the United States, a defendant charged with treason is presumed innocent until proved guilty Beyond a Reasonable Doubt. Treason may be proved by a voluntary confession in open court or by evidence that the defendant committed an Overt Act
of treason. Each overt act must be witnessed by at least two people, or
a conviction for treason will not stand. By requiring this type of
direct evidence, the Constitution minimizes the danger of convicting an
innocent person and forestalls the possibility of partisan witch-hunts
waged by a single adversary.
Unexpressed seditious thoughts do not constitute treason, even if
those thoughts contemplate a bloody revolution or coup. Nor does the
public expression of subversive opinions, including vehement criticism
of the government and its policies, constitute treason. The First Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of all Americans to
advocate the violent overthrow of their government unless such advocacy
is directed toward inciting imminent lawless action and is likely to
produce it (Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444, 89 S. Ct. 1827, 23
L. Ed. 2d 430 [1969]). On the other hand, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled
that the distribution of leaflets protesting the draft during World War I was not constitutionally protected speech ( schenck v. united states, 249 U.S. 47, 39 S. Ct. 247, 63 L. Ed. 470 [1919]).
Because treason involves the betrayal of allegiance to the United
States, a person need not be a U.S. citizen to commit treason under the
Constitution. Persons who owe temporary allegiance to the United States
can commit treason. Aliens
who are domiciliaries of the United States, for example, can commit
traitorous acts during the period of their domicile. A subversive act
does not need to occur on U.S. soil to be punishable as treason. For
example, Mildred Gillars, a U.S. citizen who became known as Axis Sally,
was convicted of treason for broadcasting demoralizing propaganda to
Allied forces in Europe from a Nazi radio station in Germany during
World War II.
Treason is punishable by death. If a death sentence is not imposed,
defendants face a minimum penalty of five years in prison and a $10,000
fine (18 U.S.C.A. 2381). A person who is convicted of treason may not
hold federal office at any time thereafter.
The English common law required defendants to forfeit all of their
property, real and personal, upon conviction for treason. In some cases,
the British Crown confiscated the property of immediate family members
as well. The common law also precluded convicted traitors from
bequeathing their property through a will. Relatives were presumed to be
tainted by the blood of the traitor and were not permitted to inherit
from him. Article III of the U.S. Constitution outlaws such "corruption
of the blood" and limits the penalty of Forfeiture
to "the life of the person attainted." Under this provision relatives
cannot be made to forfeit their property or inheritance for crimes
committed by traitorous family members.
Further readings
Carlton, Eric. 1998. Treason: Meanings and Motives. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate.
Holzer, Henry Mark. 2002. "Why Not Call It Treason? From Korea to Afghanistan." Southern University Law Review 29 (spring).
Kmiec, Douglas W. 2002. "Try Lindh for Treason." National Review (January 21).
Spectar, J.M. 2003. "To Ban or Not to Ban an American Taliban?
Revocation of Citizenship and Statelessness in a Statecentric System." California Western Law Review 39 (spring).
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
treason n. the crime of betraying one's
country, defined in Article III, section 3 of the U. S. Constitution:
"Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war
against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and
comfort." Treason requires overt acts and includes the giving of
government security secrets to other countries, even if friendly, when
the information could harm American security. Treason can include
revealing to an antagonistic country secrets such as the design of a
bomber being built by a private company for the Defense Department.
Treason may include "espionage" (spying for a foreign power or doing
damage to the operation of the government and its agencies, particularly
involved in security) but is separate and worse than "sedition" which
involves a conspiracy to upset the operation of the government. (See: sedition, espionage)
Copyright 1981-2005 by Gerald N. Hill and Kathleen T. Hill. All Right reserved.
treason noun betrayal, betrayal of a trust, | Rate It | View Ratings |
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Researcher (history, genealogy(ies), and legal), Writer, Editor, Publisher of the IOLANI - The Royal Hawk news on the web from Hawaii.
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